Introduction

In this technical review, we will analyze the performance of the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K, a Metallized Polyester Film Capacitor with a nominal value of 4.7µF and tolerance of ±10%. Our in-depth analysis will compare the data obtained from the 475MMR100K against statistical benchmark data collected from other capacitors of the same value. The goal of this review is to provide comprehensive and valuable insights to engineers evaluating this capacitor for use in their circuits.

The following pros/cons list presents a summary of the key points that will be comprehensively discussed in subsequent sections of the review.

• Good performance at low test frequencies up to 20 kHz
• Low dissipation factor at most test frequencies
• Consistent capacitance value across test frequencies

• Worse performance at higher test frequencies (above 20kHz) compared to the benchmark
• Significant increase in dissipation factor at higher test frequencies

In the following sections, we will provide a detailed analysis of Capacitance, Series Resistance, Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor, as well as a Comparative Analysis with the benchmark data. This review aims to be systematic, careful, comprehensive, objective, transparent, and authoritative for engineers to make an informed decision about the capacitor.

Impedance

This section presents an extensive comparison of the impedance performance of the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K in relation to a statistical benchmark derived from other components with the same value. The analysis evaluates the impedance of the 475MMR100K given test conditions of 1V and 10V, comparing the LCR measurements against the benchmark data, which demonstrates the component's stability under different voltage and frequency conditions.

Under the 1V test condition, the 475MMR100K exhibits consistent impedance behavior across most test frequencies. For instance, at a frequency of 5kHz, the capacitor registers an impedance of 6.725k ohms, which lies within the mean range of the benchmark data (6.293k ohms average). A similar trend can be observed at other lower frequency values such as 10kHz (3.363k ohms, benchmark: 3.159k ohms) and 100 kHz (336.9 ohms, benchmark: 321.6 ohms), indicating a generally average performance of the component in these conditions.

However, at higher frequencies, the 475MMR100K's impedance deviates more noticeably from the benchmark average, typically resulting in values below the average. For example, at a frequency of 1MHz, the capacitor has an impedance value of 12 milliohms, which is significantly lower than the benchmark figure of 169.5 milliohms. This deviation might indicate that the component's impedance performance begins to degrade at high frequencies.

Regarding the 10V test scenario, the 475MMR100K exhibits a similar trend to the 1V test condition. At lower frequencies of 5kHz and 10kHz, the capacitor's impedance remains within or close to the benchmark average, with measured values of 6.724k ohms and 3.363k ohms, respectively. However, as the test frequency increases, the capacitor's impedance progressively falls below the benchmark average. This deviation becomes particularly evident at higher frequencies such as 1MHz, where the 475MMR100K registers an impedance of 12 milliohms, compared to the benchmark average of 169.5 milliohms. This behavior further supports the observation that the component's impedance performance weakens at high frequencies, which may have implications for its suitability in certain applications requiring optimal impedance across a wide frequency range.

Capacitance

When evaluating the capacitance performance of the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K, it is essential to consider the LCR measurements taken at both 1V and 10V, and then compare these values to the statistical benchmark data. It is evident that the capacitor performs well within the specifications at both voltage levels. This is particularly clear when comparing the average series capacitance to the statistical benchmarks. In the low-frequency range (5 Hz to 100 kHz), the capacitor maintains consistency near its nominal value, performing slightly better than the average values indicated in the benchmark data.

As the test frequency increases, the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K continues to demonstrate consistent performance in the mid-range frequencies up to 150 kHz. This attribute can be crucial in applications that require steady performance across a range of frequencies.

It is important, however, to note the deviations in the measured capacitance values from the benchmark data at higher frequencies. When examining measurements at 200kHz, 300kHz, and 400kHz, one notices higher capacitance values compared to the statistical benchmark data, which show a decrease in average capacitance. This discrepancy becomes more pronounced at extreme high-frequency values such as 650kHz to 900kHz, where the capacitor exceeds the maximum values within the benchmark data.

Overall, the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K showcases a robust capacitance performance across a multitude of frequencies, especially in the lower and mid-range areas. When compared to the provided statistical benchmark data, this capacitor consistently operates near or surpasses the average values, positioning it as a reliable component in high-performance applications.

Series Resistance

The Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K exhibits outstanding series resistance across various frequency ranges. At low frequencies such as 5Hz, the 475MMR100K offers a series resistance of 8.88 Ohms, while the benchmark dataset has a median resistance of 252 Ohms. It is worth mentioning that the 475MMR100K part provides better series resistance compared to the benchmark average across the 5-50Hz frequency range.

When considering higher frequencies, the 475MMR100K capacitor consistently exhibits lower series resistance values than the benchmark dataset. For example, at the 500Hz and 1kHz frequencies, the capacitor has values of 248.6m Ohms and 160.8m Ohms, respectively, compared to the dataset averages of 2.885 Ohms and 1.348 Ohms. This trend continues as we look further into the spectrum, reaching up to 1MHz, where the 475MMR100K component demonstrates a series resistance of 9.261m Ohms – significantly lower than the dataset average of 131.4m Ohms.

Additionally, when evaluating the 475MMR100K under a 10V test voltage, its series resistance exhibits similar characteristics, presenting lower values compared to the benchmark data. For instance, at 10Hz, this capacitor has a series resistance of 3.585 Ohms, considerably lower than the benchmark mean value.

In summary, the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K consistently outperforms the entire frequency range for series resistance compared to the benchmark dataset. Such impressive performance makes this capacitor an ideal choice for electronic engineers who require lower series resistance in their applications, enabling more efficient energy transfer and reduced potential losses in the system.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

Upon examination at 1 Volt, the 475MMR100K's dissipation factor (Df) remains consistently low, with values ranging from 0.001 to 0.211, depending on the test frequency. Specifically, at 100 kHz, this capacitor has a Df value of 0.027 – an acceptable value indicative of low energy loss within the component. This low energy loss translates to improved performance, efficiency, and reduced thermal buildup in the capacitor during operation. On the other hand, at 1 MHz under the same voltage conditions, the Df increases to an unusually high value of 2.014. However, it is essential to consider this one anomaly with caution, as the majority of the Df values are within an acceptable range, ensuring efficient operation at most frequencies.

When looking at the Quality Factor (Q) at 1 Volt, we notice a high score of 740.89 at 5 Hz test frequency, indicating the capacitor's ability to control resistive losses. A high Q score denotes low energy dissipation in the dielectric material, resulting in low internal heat generation, which ultimately contributes to improved performance and longevity. The Q score remains relatively high across the majority of test frequencies; however, there is a noticeable drop at 900 kHz, where the value is only 0.02. Fortunately, this anomaly doesn't have a significant impact on the overall performance of the capacitor, as the Q scores are generally well above average throughout the other frequencies.

Moving on to the 10 Volts LCR measurements, we observe that Df values are relatively consistent but tend to degrade as the test frequency increases. Remarkably, this capacitor exhibits an excellent Df value of 0.000 at 50 Hz and 0.001 at 100 Hz, demonstrating its ability to minimize energy losses at higher voltage levels. The impressive energy loss performance facilitates further optimization of the circuit's power handling and overall efficiency. The Q factor obtains impressive scores throughout the test frequencies, with a peak performance value of 3054.93 at 50 Hz. However, there is an absence of data for many high-frequency points, making it difficult to make a comprehensive assessment at higher frequencies when operating at 10 Volts. Hence, for applications that require high-frequency performance at higher voltage levels, it is important to verify the capacitor's behavior and characteristics under those specific conditions.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In this technical review, we analyzed the performance of Illinois Capacitor's 475MMR100K metallized polyester film capacitor in comparison to a statistical benchmark based on other components of the same value. With nominal capacitance of 4.7μF and a tolerance of ±10%, the 475MMR100K was tested at 1 Volt and 10 Volts across various frequencies, from 5 Hz to 1 MHz.

Overall, the 475MMR100K exhibited low impedance, dissipation factor, and series resistance values, which were consistently close to the average values of the statistical benchmark. At lower frequencies, the capacitor outperformed the benchmark, while at higher frequencies, we observed some discrepancies in the Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor. Nonetheless, it is still in the acceptable performance range.

The results obtained from LCR measurements at 10 Volts are quite consistent with the 1 Volt test results. Consequently, the 475MMR100K capacitor performs satisfactorily under different input conditions. The capacitor provides a relatively stable capacitance over a wide frequency range, which signifies its versatility across applications.

In conclusion, the Illinois Capacitor 475MMR100K metallized polyester film capacitor maintains a good performance standard when compared to its statistical benchmark. It is a versatile, reliable component suitable for various circuit applications requiring capacitors in this class. Engineers considering this capacitor for their circuits can expect a dependable performance that aligns with the component's specifications.