By Mark Harris Monday, 29 May 2023
In this technical review, we will be analysing the performance of the Eaton DR73-4R7-R inductor, a drum core wirewound surface mount component, with a nominal inductance value of 4.7μH and a tolerance of ±20%. The focus of this review will be on the comparisons between the component data and the statistical benchmark data for inductors of the same value, in order to assess the suitability of the DR73-4R7-R for adoption in engineers' circuits.
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With this in mind, let's delve into the inductor's performance against the benchmark data across various parameters, like inductance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor in their respective sections. Further in our review, we will use these analyses and benchmarks to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis.
In this detailed analysis, we thoroughly examine and compare the impedance performance of the Eaton Electronics Division DR73-4R7-R inductor against the statistical benchmark data at various frequencies, while also focusing on two distinct voltage levels, 1 V and 10 V.
At a frequency of 50 kHz, we observe that the impedance value of the DR73-4R7-R inductor is 1.381 Ohms at 1 V and 1.422 Ohms at 10 V. This indicates a discernible increase in impedance when assessed alongside the benchmark average of 1.562 Ohms. When the test frequency is increased to 100 kHz, the inductor's impedance values are 2.714 Ohms and 2.798 Ohms under the two voltage levels, respectively. It is interesting to note that the difference between these values and the benchmark average of 2.987 Ohms is marginally smaller as the frequency increases.
As we delve into higher frequencies, the distinction between the DR73-4R7-R inductor and the benchmark becomes even more prominent. At 500 kHz and 1 MHz, the inductor presents impedance values of 13.01-25.46 Ohms and 13.4-26.19 Ohms at 1 V and 10 V, respectively. These values are markedly lower compared to the benchmark averages of 14.29-28.31 Ohms. This observation strongly suggests that the impedance performance of the inductor does not scale with frequency as effectively as the benchmark.
It is essential to highlight that although the DR73-4R7-R inductor exhibits a slightly higher impedance at lower frequencies, its overall performance compared to the benchmark indeed diminishes as the frequency increases. As a result, engineers who are evaluating this particular inductor for high-frequency applications should give due consideration to these impedance differences before determining if the DR73-4R7-R inductor is suitable for their requirements. Recognizing and understanding the varying impedance values and their potential impact on designs with diverse frequency demands is vital for selecting the appropriate components.
The DR73-4R7-R Inductor exhibits interesting inductance characteristics across varying test frequencies and voltages. At lower test frequencies such as 5Hz and 10Hz, the component shows a higher series inductance compared to the statistical benchmark average. However, at test frequencies greater than 50Hz, its inductance consistently falls below the benchmark average. For instance, at a 1kHz test frequency, the DR73-4R7-R series inductance is 4.484μH, which is closer to the statistical minimum of 3.79μH and considerably below the average of 4.625μH. As the test frequency increases further, the difference between the component's series inductance and the benchmark average becomes more prominent, reaching a peak at the 50kHz test frequency where the component is as low as 4.391μH compared to the 4.617μH benchmark average. This pattern persists throughout the entire frequency range, up to 1MHz.
It is worth noting that at a 10V test voltage, the component's series inductance surpasses the benchmark average values within the lower frequency range of 5Hz to 50Hz. At 5Hz, the component's inductance is 97.13μH, while the statistical minimum value is only 1.023μH. This significant difference implies that the DR73-4R7-R Inductor may be particularly well-adapted for applications requiring high inductance at lower frequencies. The component maintains a higher series inductance than the benchmark average across an extensive test frequency range, continuing to outperform the benchmark even at higher frequencies (1MHz).
In summary, the DR73-4R7-R Inductor demonstrates varied performance characteristics when compared to the statistical benchmark. While the component exhibits notably high series inductance values at lower frequencies with a 10V test voltage, the consistent drop below benchmark average values at frequencies above 50Hz for a 1V test voltage might impose certain constraints on its applicability. The component could potentially excel in high inductance applications where lower frequencies are prevalent. However, careful evaluation is advised when considering this inductor for scenarios involving higher frequency applications.
In a meticulous analysis of the data obtained from LCR measurements at both 1 Volt and 10 Volts input voltage, it becomes apparent that the DR73-4R7-R inductor exhibits a series resistance behavior that significantly varies across different test frequencies. When comparing these values to the statistical benchmark data, it can be deduced that, within certain frequency ranges, this inductor might not achieve optimal performance characteristics. It is noteworthy that the series resistance for the 50kHz and above range consistently exceeds the average values of the benchmark data. For instance, at 50kHz, the DR73-4R7-R's series resistance measures at 74.42mΩ, while the benchmark average is at 289.9mΩ. The discrepancy between measured and benchmark average values intensifies at higher frequencies, such as 1MHz, where DR73-4R7-R measures at 1.114Ω, significantly deviating from the benchmark average of 1.041Ω.
However, the DR73-4R7-R inductor does exhibit favorable series resistance performance within specific frequency ranges below 50kHz, displaying values that are either closer to or beneath the benchmark average. For example, at 10kHz, the measured series resistance is at 33.46mΩ, compared to the average benchmark value of 267.2mΩ.
On the whole, the series resistance performance of the DR73-4R7-R inductor appears to be inconsistent when juxtaposed with statistical benchmark data, particularly for frequency ranges of 50kHz and upwards. It is crucial for engineers to meticulously evaluate if this inductor meets their intended application requirements, taking into account the observed discrepancies in series resistance performance.
In the assessment of the DR73-4R7-R Inductor's Quality Factor (Q), its values tend to increase with frequency. For example, at a test frequency of 5 kHz, the component exhibits a quality factor of 4.55, which further rises to 22.84 at a frequency of 1 MHz. This trend in the quality factor signifies that the DR73-4R7-R Inductor demonstrates a better performance at higher frequencies concerning energy storage and power loss. However, when exposed to a higher voltage of 10 Volts, the component's quality factor plateaus within a range of 18.81 to 20.58 beginning at a frequency of 50 kHz, which may suggest a notable performance limitation.
An inductor with a low dissipation factor (Df) and a high quality factor (Q) is highly desirable since these factors are indicative of the component's efficiency in terms of energy storage and loss characteristics. In an ideal inductor, the energy lost is zero, and the Q is infinite, but real-world components have limitations caused by various factors, such as the core's magnetic properties, eddy currents, and wire resistance, among others. The DR73-4R7-R Inductor's performance could be considered reasonable but may not likely outshine the competitive statistical benchmark formed from other components of the same value. Electronics engineers might find alternative components with more favorable performance attributes that better suit their circuits' specifications. Attention to the dissipation factor and quality factor is crucial when selecting components for high-frequency applications like switching power supplies or RF circuits, where efficiency and minimal power loss are of utmost importance.
In this comparative analysis, we will be evaluating the performance of the Eaton - Electronics Division's DR73-4R7-R Inductor using the provided LCR measurements against the statistical benchmark data for similar components.
The component is a Drum Core, Wirewound Inductor with a nominal value of 4.7μ and a tolerance of ±20%. It has a current rating of 3.09 A and is Surface Mount with a Nonstandard package.
Looking at the tests at a voltage of 1V, the DR73-4R7-R Inductor shows a noticeable difference in impedance values as the frequency increases. For example, at 5kHz, it exhibits an impedance of 145.5m Ohms, which deviates significantly from the average benchmark value of 338.8m Ohms. Similarly, the quality factor at the same frequency is 4.55, considerably higher than the average benchmark of 2.49.
However, when the test voltage increases to 10V, the DR73-4R7-R Inductor shows closer impedance values to the benchmark at various frequencies. Notably, at 5kHz, it displays an impedance of 204.7m Ohms, much closer to the average statistical benchmark of 338.8m Ohms. Interestingly, the Inductor's quality factor is still substantially higher than the average at 20.37 when the frequency is at 250kHz, compared to the average benchmark of 15.13.
In terms of series inductance, the component maintains a relatively stable inductive behavior throughout the frequency range, particularly in the low to mid frequencies. For instance, at 100kHz, the inductor features a series inductance of 4.315μ Henries, which is comparable to the average benchmark of 4.94μ Henries but within acceptable limits for practical applications.
In conclusion, the Eaton - Electronics Division's DR73-4R7-R Inductor exhibits certain desirable traits, such as an improved quality factor compared to the average benchmark. Although the impedance might vary depending on various test conditions, the Inductor shows overall acceptable inductive characteristics and could be considered for use in a multitude of circuit designs.
After a thorough analysis of Eaton Electronics Division's DR73-4R7-R inductor, it has demonstrated mixed performance compared to the statistical benchmark data. The component is a Drum Core, Wirewound inductor with a nominal value of 4.7μ and ±20% tolerance. The inductor is designed for surface mount applications and features a nonstandard package.
At the lower frequency range (up to 20kHz), the component's impedance clearly exceeds the average benchmark values, which indicates better performance. However, when moving to higher frequencies (50kHz and above), the impedance tends to stay closer or even below the average benchmark values. As for the Quality Factor, the DR73-4R7-R inductor performs significantly better than the benchmark average across all test frequencies, especially in the higher frequency range (50kHz-1M).
In terms of Series Resistance, the inductor has lower values than the average benchmark values for lower test frequencies. However, the difference starts to decrease as frequency increases, revealing an almost similar performance between the component and benchmark average in the mid and high frequency ranges. Series Inductance exhibits a relatively similar deviation trend across all test frequencies. The DR73-4R7-R consistently shows a higher inductance value than the benchmark average, with increased variability at higher frequencies.
In conclusion, Eaton's DR73-4R7-R inductor demonstrates satisfactory performance within certain frequency ranges when measured against the statistical benchmark data. At lower frequencies, it outperforms the benchmark average in terms of impedance and quality factor. However, as frequency increases, its advantages tend to fade. Engineers should carefully consider these performance variations when selecting the DR73-4R7-R inductor for use in their products.