Introduction

In this technical review, we will be analyzing the performance of the KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor, a Ceramic: X5R capacitor with a nominal value of 100n and a tolerance of ±10%. The focus of this review is to make meaningful comparisons between the component's measured data and the statistical benchmark data, providing useful insights for electronic engineers assessing the applicability of this capacitor for their circuits.

Pros:

• Conforms to the X5R composition, ensuring temperature stability
• Surface mount capacitor suitable for high-density applications
• Wide voltage rating, up to 10V

Cons:

• Quality factor and dissipation factor fluctuates across the frequency range
• Tightly packed design may lead to greater temperature sensitivity

The 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor will be compared to its benchmark characteristics in the following categories:

• Capacitance
• Series Resistance
• Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor
• Comparative Analysis

Impedance

In this section, we will meticulously analyze the impedance of the 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor manufactured by KYOCERA AVX and compare it with statistical benchmark data for similar components to provide accurate and insightful information. This will allow us to better understand the performance characteristics of the capacitor.

At a test voltage of 1V, the 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor exhibits the following impedance measurements across various frequencies: at 5 Hz, its impedance is 329.1k ohms, slightly higher than the average value of 313.4k ohms for comparable components. Similarly, at 50 Hz, this capacitor has an impedance of 33.22k ohms, which is slightly above the average value of 31.67k ohms. Other notable comparisons at 1V test voltage include: 100 Hz, where the measured impedance is 16.67k ohms compared to the average of 15.9k ohms; 1 kHz, with an impedance value of 1.687k ohms as opposed to the average of 1.61k ohms; and 1 MHz, at 1.973 ohms which is marginally higher than the average value of 1.958 ohms. Overall, the 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor demonstrates a slightly increased level of impedance across various test frequencies at 1V when compared to the statistical benchmark.

Upon observing the impedance values at a higher test voltage of 10V, we find that the 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor remains consistent in exhibiting similar performance as those at 1V by matching or exceeding the average impedance values. For example, at 5 Hz and 10V, the capacitor's impedance is 309.3k ohms, which is marginally lower than the average of 313.4k ohms. At 50 Hz, the impedance value is 31.22k ohms, again slightly below the average of 31.67k ohms. Other noteworthy comparisons at 10V test voltage include: 100 Hz, with an impedance of 15.66k ohms as opposed to the average of 15.9k ohms; 1 kHz, measuring 1.578k ohms in contrast to the average value of 1.61k ohms; and 1 MHz, at 1.980 ohms compared to the average value of 1.958 ohms. This in-depth analysis further reinforces the tendency for the 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor, when operated at 10 volts, to exhibit slightly higher impedance values relative to the statistical benchmark across various test frequencies, providing us with a thorough understanding of its performance characteristics.

Capacitance

The Kyocera AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A is a Ceramic: X5R capacitor, with a nominal capacitance value of 100nF and a tolerance of ±10%. When tested at a 5 Hz frequency, the 0402ZD104KAT2A measures a series capacitance of 96.85nF, which is slightly lower compared to the benchmark average of 101.8nF. Throughout the entire 5 Hz up to 1 MHz test frequency range, the 0402ZD104KAT2A's capacitances vary from 80.65nF to 96.85nF, with values predominantly falling below the benchmark average. It is noteworthy that the 0402ZD104KAT2A's performance remains relatively stable over a wide range of test frequencies, with a variation of only 16.2nF.

At a higher applied voltage of 10V, with a 5 Hz test frequency, this capacitor measures a series capacitance of 102.6nF, which is marginally higher than the 1V measurement and the statistical benchmark average. Interestingly, within 5 kHz to 20 kHz test frequency range, the 0402ZD104KAT2A demonstrates an exceptional performance compared to the benchmark minimum, average, and maximum series capacitances. However, it is important to consider that the capacitances decrease considerably within the 75 kHz to 1 MHz test frequency range, as evident by the series capacitances dropping from 101.1nF to an undetermined measurement. This demonstrates the importance of taking note of the varying capacitance measurements across different test frequency ranges when evaluating the suitability of this capacitor for use in application-specific circuits.

Bearing in mind that the capacitance performance of this capacitor is sensitive to varying test frequencies and applied voltage, it is crucial to choose a capacitor with the appropriate specifications to ensure correct and reliable operation in the intended application. This will help in maintaining the stability of electronic circuits and could prevent potential issues that may arise as a result of undesirable changes in the capacitance values under various conditions.

Series Resistance

The 0402ZD104KAT2A Capacitor demonstrated mixed performance at 1 Volt, making it crucial for engineers to consider its strengths and weaknesses in specific frequency ranges. In lower test frequencies (up to 100 Hz), the capacitor exhibited higher series resistance compared to the benchmark's average. However, the disparity became less pronounced as the frequency increased, with the capacitor's series resistance converging towards the benchmark average around 100 Hz (395.9 Ohms against 444.7 Ohms).

At higher test frequencies (ranging from 500 Hz to 1 MHz), the 0402ZD104KAT2A Capacitor consistently displayed series resistance values lower than the statistical benchmark average. The most significant differences between the component's performance and the benchmark's averages were observed at test frequencies of 1 kHz (42.21 Ohms vs. 46.51 Ohms), 75 kHz (485.1m Ohms vs. 672.1m Ohms), and 850 kHz (44.83m Ohms vs. 76.32m Ohms). This indicates that the component offers superior performance relative to the benchmark average at these higher test frequencies.

When the voltage was increased to 10 Volts, the available dataset for Series Resistance was not comprehensive, limiting the assessment scope for this range. Nevertheless, the capacitor displayed higher series resistance values compared to the benchmark at several frequencies such as 10 Hz (7.215k Ohms vs. 4.329k Ohms average), 50 Hz (1.341k Ohms vs. 865 Ohms average), and 200 kHz (339.7m Ohms vs. 236.1m Ohms average).

Overall, the 0402ZD104KAT2A Capacitor presents a variable performance in terms of series resistance. It surpasses the statistical benchmark at certain higher test frequencies while showcasing higher series resistance values at lower test frequencies. Consequently, it is essential that engineers evaluate this capacitor's suitability for their specific applications, taking note of its relative advantages at higher test frequencies.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

Upon examining the LCR measurement data provided for the KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor at 1V and 10V, we observe the following trends for the Dissipation Factor (Df): At 1V, the Df ranges from 0.024 at 10Hz down to 0.017 at 200kHz, while at 10V, the Df varies from 0.047 at 10Hz to 0.031 at 600kHz. The capacitor's Df values are consistently low at both voltage levels, which indicates satisfactory performance in terms of energy loss.

The Dissipation Factor is an essential parameter in capacitors as it quantifies the energy conversion from reactive (storage) energy into real (dissipated) energy within the capacitor. A lower Df means less energy converted into heat, making the capacitor more effective for its intended use.

Next, let's explore the Quality Factor (Q) for the KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A capacitor. At 1V, the Quality Factor is highest at 100kHz (54.94) and lowest at 10kHz (37.91). At 10V, the Q factor is highest at 5Hz (180.52) but drops significantly to 21.47 at 10Hz and remains relatively stable, ranging between 20 and 30, up until 600kHz. Notably, no data is provided for the Quality Factor above 600kHz at 10V.

The Quality Factor is the inverse of the Dissipation Factor and serves as an indicator of the capacitor's efficiency, with higher values representing better efficiency. It measures how well a capacitor stores reactive energy while minimizing energy dissipation, making it an essential parameter for many electronic applications, specifically in resonant circuits such as filters, RF circuits, and oscillators.

When comparing the performance of the KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A to other capacitors with the same capacitance value, its Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor values appear to be relatively competitive. As a result, this capacitor can be considered a reliable option for various electronic circuit design and engineering applications, with its efficiency and low energy loss contributing to overall system performance.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In conclusion, the KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A Capacitor demonstrates performance levels similar to statistical benchmarks. This Ceramic X5R capacitor offers a nominal value of 100n with a ±10% tolerance and a voltage rating of 10V. Its profile makes it suitable for SurfaceMount (0402 Metric) applications.

When comparing the measured values with statistical benchmark data, it is found that the KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A has a similar impedance at various frequencies. Though some instances showed a greater impedance or dissipation factor, the overall performance of the capacitor is satisfactory. The Quality Factor of the capacitor is comparable to the benchmark data, and the Series Resistance and Capacitance values are also within acceptable limits.

For electronics engineers looking to employ this capacitor in their designs, it is important to consider the application requirements and performance expectations. The KYOCERA AVX 0402ZD104KAT2A Capacitor is a suitable choice for general-purpose applications where a balance of performance and cost is desired. Overall, this capacitor has demonstrated performance levels close to statistical benchmarks, making it a viable component to be considered for various applications.