Introduction

As electronics engineers, selecting the right components for your circuits is crucial for their overall performance. In this review, we will be analyzing an Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor, the ESH476M025AC3AA, manufactured by KEMET. We will examine how this capacitor performs when compared against a statistical benchmark derived from other components of similar value, providing a comprehensive understanding of its applicability for your projects.

The ESH476M025AC3AA has a nominal value of 47μF, ±20% tolerance, and rated at 25 volts. It features a through-hole radial can package, which makes it suitable for various applications and circuit designs. Here is a summary of the pros and cons of this capacitor:

• Pros:
• - Versatile mounting capabilities due to its radial, can package
• - Wide range of test frequencies proving its applicability across an array of applications
• - Lower impedance at high frequencies, potentially improving the performance of circuits

• - Dissipation Factor increases at higher frequencies, which could cause energy loss
• - Quality Factor drops at higher frequencies, which might impact the performance of RF circuits
• - Capacitance value decreases as the frequency increases, posing a potential limitation in specific applications

In the following sections of this review, we will delve deeper into the capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor of the ESH476M025AC3AA capacitor. A comparative analysis will be provided to demonstrate the component's performance in relation to the statistical benchmark data. This information will help you make a more informed decision when selecting capacitors for your circuits.

Impedance

The ESH476M025AC3AA capacitor displays impedance values that are reasonably close to the average values of the benchmark for a majority of the tested frequencies. At lower test frequencies, specifically 5Hz and 10Hz, this capacitor exhibits impedance values of 665.1 Ohms and 337 Ohms, respectively. These values are marginally higher than the average impedance values of the benchmark at the analogous frequencies (656.9 Ohms and 332.8 Ohms).

As the test frequency increases, the impedance of the capacitor remains fairly close to the average values of the benchmark. It is important to note that at higher frequencies, such as 100kHz to 1MHz, the impedance of the ESH476M025AC3AA capacitor consistently stays lower than the average impedance values of other components within the benchmark. This suggests a potential advantage under certain conditions in high-frequency applications.

When assessing the performance of the ESH476M025AC3AA capacitor against the statistical benchmark at 10 Volts, the impedance values exhibit a similar trend, remaining relatively close to the benchmark values while consistently underperforming at higher frequencies.

In summary, the KEMET ESH476M025AC3AA capacitor presents impedance values that generally fall within the average range when compared with other components of the same value. However, it exhibits a tendency to underperform as test frequencies escalate. As engineers evaluate this capacitor, it is essential to be aware of these performance characteristics and to carefully consider the specific requirements of their application before incorporating it into their designs. This will ultimately help engineers optimize the performance of the capacitor in various electronic applications and designs.

Capacitance

The ESH476M025AC3AA Capacitor from KEMET, with a nominal capacitance of 47μF and tolerance of ±20%, exhibits performance that is comparable to the average Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors possessing the same capacitance value, which helps in drawing a meaningful comparison.

An in-depth examination of the capacitor's performance at 1 Volt demonstrates that the ESH476M025AC3AA Capacitor tends to stay within close proximity of the average series capacitance levels derived from the benchmark data for test frequencies ranging from 5 Hz to 500 kHz. For instance, at a frequency of 10 Hz, the capacitor's capacitance value is 47.25 μF, while the benchmark average stands at 48.14 μF. This trend appears to be consistent across the lower frequency range, though it starts to display a slight deviation from the benchmark at frequencies above 50 kHz, which indicates a need to closely monitor its performance at higher frequency ranges.

When the test voltage is increased to 10 Volts, the ESH476M025AC3AA Capacitor displays a similar pattern in its performance as observed at 1 Volt, adhering closely to the benchmark values for frequencies up to 500 kHz. Nonetheless, at 600 kHz, the capacitor's capacitance value reaches 29.9 μF, which substantially exceeds the benchmark maximum of 21.14 μF. This indicates more effective energy storage capabilities than the capacitors in the benchmark group. Unfortunately, beyond 700 kHz, the precise capacitance values are not available in the given dataset, limiting the scope for further analysis in the higher frequency range.

Keeping in mind its aluminum electrolytic composition, the ESH476M025AC3AA Capacitor from KEMET appears well-suited for applications requiring stable performance within the frequency range of 5 Hz to 500 kHz. However, electronics engineers are encouraged to meticulously analyze the capacitor's performance data in terms of their specific design requirements to ensure the capacitor's suitability for the intended application.

Series Resistance

In this section, we perform a thorough analysis of the KEMET ESH476M025AC3AA Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor's performance by comparing its series resistance values to a benchmark derived from an array of capacitors sharing the same nominal value. The assessment considers scenarios at both 1 Volt and 10 Volts.

Starting with the 1 Volt scenario, the ESH476M025AC3AA exhibits a minimum series resistance of 19.99 Ohms at a 5 Hz test frequency. This value is considerably lower than the benchmark average of 44.75 Ohms. However, as the frequency increases, the difference between the capacitor under evaluation and the benchmark average becomes less significant. For instance, at a 100 Hz test frequency, the capacitor exhibits a series resistance value of 3.26 Ohms, in contrast to the benchmark average of 1.704 Ohms.

Moving to higher frequencies, at 50 kHz, the ESH476M025AC3AA's series resistance rises to 766.3 milliohms, which is greater than the benchmark average of 295.7 milliohms. This tendency continues throughout the entire frequency range up to 1 MHz, where the capacitor's series resistance is measured at 699.4 milliohms in comparison to the benchmark datum of 280.2 milliohms.

Similar trends are observed when the capacitor is tested at 10 Volts. At a 5 Hz test frequency, it displays a series resistance of 40.49 Ohms. As the test frequency increases, the series resistance values decrease correspondingly. For example, at 1 MHz, the series resistance reaches 914.8 milliohms.

Taking into account the test conditions at both 1 Volt and 10 Volts, the KEMET ESH476M025AC3AA Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor demonstrates relatively high series resistance values compared to the benchmark throughout most of the frequency range. Consequently, electronics engineers should consider this property when determining the suitability and efficiency of this component for their circuit designs. The engineers must evaluate their specific requirements and weigh the acceptability of deviations from the benchmark when incorporating this capacitor in their systems.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

In this section, we will focus on the dissipation factor (Df) and quality factor (Q) of the KEMET ESH476M025AC3AA aluminum electrolytic capacitor. The dissipation factor is a measure of the capacitor's efficiency, as it defines the energy loss during each active cycle. The quality factor, on the other hand, ascertains the efficiency of energy storage and release for a reactive component, where a higher Q indicates a lower energy loss.

At low test frequencies (1kHz and below), the ESH476M025AC3AA exhibits a Df as low as 0.030 (at 5Hz, 1V) and 0.058 (at 5Hz, 10V). Capacitors of the same value typically demonstrate an incremental increase in Df as the frequency rises. This is evident as the capacitor's Df reaches 0.091 (at 100Hz, 1V) and 0.090 (at 100Hz, 10V) while still maintaining a relatively low level. Consequently, the KEMET capacitor shows improved energy efficiency at lower frequencies.

Higher test frequencies ranging from 5kHz to 1MHz cause the Df and Q of this component to fluctuate considerably. The observed peak Df during this range occurs at 9.645 (at 100kHz, 1V) and 9.677 (at 100kHz, 10V). The large Df value at high frequency suggests increased energy loss. Similarly, the quality factor displays a descending trend as the test frequency increases, indicating a reduction in energy storage and release efficiency.

Overall, the ESH476M025AC3AA capacitor presents distinct performance variances among benchmark capacitors. Its performance consistency and stable characteristics in a broader frequency spectrum hold value for many designs, making it an ideal choice for applications requiring energy-efficient capacitors at low test frequencies. In contrast, the higher test frequency range calls for careful consideration of application requirements due to the fluctuations observed in the dissipation and quality factors.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In conclusion, the KEMET ESH476M025AC3AA Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with a nominal value of 47μ, voltage rating of 25, and tolerance of ±20%, showcased some impressive results when compared to the statistical benchmark data. To be deemed effective in various electronic projects, it is essential for a capacitor to perform closely, if not better than, the benchmark statistics.

At the 1-volt test, certain frequencies showed low impedance, for instance, 50 Hz, 100 Hz, and 500 Hz, when compared to the benchmark's maximum impedance. However, its performance remained close to the benchmark's average impedance for other frequencies. The ESH476M025AC3AA consistently demonstrated lower dissipation factors than the benchmark maximum values. Some test frequencies, such as 5 kHz and 10 kHz, showed better Quality Factor compared to the benchmark minimum. Capacitance values were within the designated tolerance range of ±20%, which is a good indicator of a reliable capacitor.

As the voltage was raised to 10 volts, the KEMET Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor's impedance stayed mostly below the benchmark average, with some test frequencies slightly surpassing the benchmark. The Capacitor's dissipation factor and Quality Factor continued to perform as they did in the 1-volt test. In terms of capacitance, the part showcased values that were also within the ±20% tolerance.

When comparing the performance of the ESH476M025AC3AA Capacitor to the statistical benchmark for both 1-volt and 10-volt tests, it becomes apparent that this component is suitable for degreed engineers to consider for use within a range of electronic products. Its performance, impedance, dissipation factor, and Quality Factor metrics all denote a dependable Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor.