Reviews & Analysis

KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT Performance Examination: Discover the Inner Workings of this Ceramic X5R Capacitor

By Mark Harris Tuesday, 31 January 2023

Discover the intricacies of the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT Ceramic X5R capacitor with this insightful technical review. We delve into its impedance performance, series resistance and more, providing you with the information you need to make an informed decision on whether it's the right choice for your engineering project.

Introduction

The capacitor in focus for this review is the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT, which is a notable candidate for electronics engineers seeking reliable and efficient Ceramic: X5R components. This review will provide a detailed analysis by examining the performance of the CM105X5R475K25AT compared to the statistical benchmark data formed from other capacitors of the same value.

The capacitor's series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor will be assessed in-depth, providing engineers with valuable insights into the applicability of this capacitor for their circuits. Notably, the comparison will be made in two different voltage conditions: at 1 Volt and 10 Volts.

To further facilitate this comprehensive analysis, the key pros and cons will be highlighted in the following bullet list:

  • Pros:
  • Offered by the reputable component manufacturer KYOCERA AVX
  • Surface mount and compact package: 0603 (1608 Metric)
  • Wide operating temperature range: -55°C to 125°C
  • Stable and predictable performance across numerous parameters
  • Applicable for diverse application fields, spanning from automotive and industrial to telecommunications
  • Cons:
  • Higher dissipation factor at higher frequencies and particular voltage conditions
  • Performance degradation in some parameters at certain frequencies and voltage levels
  • Not ideal for highly sensitive circuits or niche applications requiring extremely low ESR or high-quality factor

In the subsequent sections, we will embark on a comparative analysis of the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor focusing on its capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor, scrutinizing the benchmarks against which it is measured.

Impedance

An in-depth analysis of the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT Ceramic Capacitor's impedance performance reveals noticeable variations across different test conditions. By measuring the capacitor's impedance at both 1 Volt and 10 Volts across a diverse range of frequencies, valuable insights into its behavior and suitability for varied applications can be gained.

When tested at 1 Volt, the impedance values of the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor consistently fall below the benchmark average, with the exception of the 50 kHz frequency. At this test frequency, the impedance reaches 1.101 Ohms, which is marginally higher than the average value of 878.3 mOhms. This anomaly is important to note when designing in specific applications where operational frequencies around 50 kHz are essential.

Moving on, at test frequencies of 5 kHz, 10 kHz, and 450 kHz, the impedance values exhibited by the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor gravitate closer to the maximum benchmark impedance. The recorded values at these frequencies are 9.648 Ohms, 5.135 Ohms, and 127 mOhms, respectively. These higher impedance levels signify the capacitor's decreased efficiency while operating within these frequency ranges.

Similar patterns arise when the capacitor is measured at 10 Volts, especially at 5 kHz, 10 kHz, and 450 kHz. Within these frequency ranges, the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor's impedance surpasses the statistical benchmark maximum, recorded at 9.372 kOhms, 4.78 kOhms, and 128.5 mOhms, respectively. This indicates the need for careful consideration when designing circuits that operate at higher voltages and within these specific frequency ranges.

It is worth noting, though, that at selected higher frequencies such as 75 kHz, 300 kHz, and 650 kHz, the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor's impedance values are comparatively lower than their respective benchmark averages. The measured values at these points are 767.2 mOhms, 199.2 mOhms, and 81.78 mOhms, highlighting the capacitor's improved impedance characteristics within these frequency ranges.

In conclusion, the performance of the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT Ceramic Capacitor concerning impedance demonstrates marked inconsistencies in comparison to the statistical benchmark data. This observed performance variability underscores the need to carefully select the capacitor for specific applications. Ensuring that the observed impedance variations fall within the required tolerances is critical in optimizing the overall circuit performance and reliability.

Capacitance

When examined at 1 Volt, the CM105X5R475K25AT's capacitance value varies across the frequency spectrum. At the lowest point, registered at 900 kHz, the capacitance value measures 2.971μF. In contrast, the highest capacitance value occurs at 5 Hz, amounting to 5.472μF. When these measurements are compared to the statistical benchmark data, the capacitor demonstrates that it remains reasonably close to the average series capacitance across various frequencies. For instance, at 5 Hz, the capacitance value of 5.472μF lies within the minimum-maximum (min-max) range of 4.312μF and 6.087μF. Similarly, at 500 kHz, the capacitor measures 2.792μF, whereas the average series capacitance in the benchmark is 5.209μF, with a min-max range spanning from 2.792μF to 15.48μF.

Upon observing the CM105X5R475K25AT's capacitance at 10 Volts, a shift becomes apparent between its performance at lower and higher frequencies. At the lower end of the spectrum, the capacitance measures 3.363μF at 5 Hz, which is significantly below the average series capacitance revealed in the benchmark data. Meanwhile, at 100 kHz, a measurement of 2.7μF is obtained, which rests within the min-max threshold values of 2.827μF and 4.886μF. Intriguingly, the capacitor outperforms the statistical benchmark's average values at higher frequencies such as 700 kHz and beyond. This indicates that the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor excels across a wide range of frequency spectrums, particularly at elevated frequencies, providing electronic engineers with a reliable and efficient component in various applications.

Series Resistance

In this analysis, we evaluate the series resistance of the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor in various frequency ranges. It is crucial to understand how this performance parameter changes in response to different frequencies when selecting an appropriate capacitor for a specific application, as it significantly affects the efficiency and energy dissipation within a circuit.

At low frequencies (5Hz to 10Hz), the component's series resistance reaches maximum values of 548.1Ω and 283Ω, respectively. These higher values might increase power losses and temperature rise during operation, making it not considered optimal compared to an average capacitor in this category.

In the frequency range of 50Hz to 100Hz, the component’s series resistance reduces to 63.24Ω and 34.16Ω, respectively. Such reduction signifies improved performance, making the capacitor a more favorable choice for this frequency domain when considering the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of similar capacitors.

As the frequency increases to 500Hz, the series resistance experiences a significant reduction to 8.621Ω. Although within acceptable limits, it is slightly higher than the ESR of an average capacitor at this frequency. Further improvements are observed in the 1kHz to 20kHz range, with the capacitor’s series resistance reaching a low of 101.8mΩ at 20kHz, which is much closer to the typical value for capacitors in this range, and demonstrating better performance.

In the higher frequency domain of 50kHz to 1MHz, the component maintains a competitive performance. At specific measurements, such as 75kHz (30.78mΩ), 250kHz (13.02mΩ), and 550kHz (8.724mΩ), the capacitor's series resistance values remain below or close to average values, indicating relatively optimized performance for these specific frequencies. This characteristic makes the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor a suitable choice for applications operating within these frequency ranges, where low ESR is preferred to minimize power dissipation and enhance overall efficiency.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

The dissipation factor (Df) and quality factor (Q) are critical performance parameters for capacitors, as they provide insights into energy losses and efficiency in electronic circuits. In this review, we analyze the performance of CM105X5R475K25AT, a ceramic X5R capacitor from KYOCERA AVX, under two test conditions: 1V and 10V.

At 1V test condition, the CM105X5R475K25AT exhibits a Df that initiates at 0.094 at a low frequency of 5Hz. The Df then increases to a peak value of 0.125 at 500kHz and finally reduces to 0.125 at 1MHz. The Q, on the other hand, starts at a value of 10.62 at 5Hz and achieves its highest value of 17.87 at 5kHz. However, beyond this frequency, the Q value gradually declines and ultimately reaches its lowest point of 8.04 at 1MHz. Within the test frequency range, the capacitor's Q fluctuates from mediocre to satisfactory levels.

Under the 10V test condition, the CM105X5R475K25AT consistently demonstrates superior performance than at 1V. Here, the Df begins at a lower value of 0.049 at 5Hz, rising to its maximum of 0.129 at 5kHz. It finally stabilizes at 0.020 between 150kHz and 400kHz. Interestingly, the capacitor exhibits an unusual behavior beyond 450kHz. Meanwhile, its Q remains robust, with an initial value of 20.26 at 5Hz, peaking at an impressive 124.03 at 300kHz, and settling down to a lowest value of 14.70 at 750kHz. A detailed analysis of the 36 data points within this frequency range indicates that the CM105X5R475K25AT delivers satisfactory performance under the 10V test condition.

Comparing the performance of CM105X5R475K25AT to benchmark data - derived from other capacitors with the same value - reveals its noteworthy performance, especially under the 10V test condition. It can be inferred that this capacitor is an ideal choice for engineers evaluating ceramic X5R capacitors for use in their circuits. The remarkable performance under varying operating conditions, demonstrated by the low dissipation factors and high-quality factors across data sets, makes the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT a strong contender in the Ceramic X5R capacitor domain.

Comparative Analysis

In our evaluation, we compared the performance of the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT against a statistical benchmark formed from other components of the same value. The bench-marking studied various frequencies, with the capacitor tested at both 1V and 10V, focusing on impedance, dissipation factor, quality factor, series resistance, and series capacitance.

At a test frequency of 100 kHz, the CM105X5R475K25AT exhibits an impedance of 562.8mΩ at 1V and 587.5mΩ at 10V, compared to the benchmark average impedance of 492mΩ. While marginally higher, the capacitor still performs reasonably well against the average. The dissipation factor lies within the range of 0.01 to 0.38 for the 1V test, while the 10V test shows values ranging from 0.009 to 0.129.

When analyzing the quality factor (Q) at 100 kHz and 1V, the difference becomes more substantial, as the capacitor presents a value of 23.15, while the average Q of similar components sits at 67.99. This difference indicates a less optimal performance of the capacitor compared to the benchmark.

On the other hand, the CM105X5R475K25AT's series resistance and series capacitance perform adequately. At a test frequency of 50 kHz for 1V, the capacitor's series resistance (1,497 μΩ) and capacitance (2.849 μF) exhibit close alignment with the average benchmark values of 1,506 μΩ and 3.939 μF.

Overall, the performance of KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor falls within acceptable ranges relative to the benchmark. However, the capacitor shows a notably lower quality factor within the high frequency range. Engineers evaluating this capacitor for use in their circuits should weigh the performance tradeoffs, particularly when it comes to applications demanding high quality factors in high frequency ranges.

Conclusion

After a thorough analysis of the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT (4.7μF, ±10%, 25V, Ceramic: X5R) capacitor, it is evident that this component demonstrates notable performance in terms of impedance and the overall key parameter. This review compared the gathered component data against the provided statistical benchmark data set to provide a comprehensive understanding of how this capacitor performs.

Across various frequencies, the measured impedance values display moderate variation from the average benchmark impedance values. Observing the deviation from differing test voltages (1V and 10V), the CM105X5R475K25AT shows stable performance within its specified tolerance range. However, the capacitor's dissipation factor at lower test voltages is marginally higher relative to the benchmark, which may affect its performance in circuits that are sensitive to energy loss.

With regard to Quality Factor, the capacitor exhibits substantial consistency across the frequencies, but it does not entirely surpass the maximum quality factor specifications present in the statistical benchmark. This factor is crucial for certain applications, such as in resonant circuits or precise signal filtering, where stability provided by the capacitor is of utmost importance.

In summary, the KYOCERA AVX CM105X5R475K25AT is a competent ceramic X5R capacitor; however, depending on the target application, it is worth considering the observed dissipation factor and quality factor. While the CM105X5R475K25AT capacitor may not be ideal for high precision electronics applications, it could still serve as a viable option for those engineers looking to incorporate a reliable and decent-performing capacitor in their circuits.

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