Introduction

In this technical review, we will be analyzing the performance of the Ceramic X5R capacitor manufactured by KYOCERA AVX, part number 02016D104KAT2A. The comparison will be between the component's data and the benchmark data gathered from other similar value components. Our goal is to provide electronics engineers with a comprehensive understanding of this particular capacitor's performance and its suitability for their needs.

Pros:

• Wide test frequency range, showing stable performance across various frequency levels
• Consistent series capacitance
• Higher Quality Factor at higher voltage

Cons:

• Lower Quality Factor compared to benchmark at low voltage
• Decreased capacitance at higher frequency
• Higher series resistance in comparison to the benchmark at lower frequencies

Impedance

In the impedance analysis of the KYOCERA AVX 02016D104KAT2A ceramic capacitor, it is crucial to compare the recorded data with the respective statistical benchmarks across various test frequencies. These benchmarks help indicate the capacitor's performance quality compared to a set of capacitors of the same category and configuration.

At a voltage level of 1 V, the measured impedance for certain test frequencies demonstrates the capacitor's performance. At 5 kHz, this capacitor has an impedance of 312.1 Ohms, which is lower than the statistical benchmark average of 325.6 Ohms, indicating a better performance. At 10 kHz, the impedance is 159.8 Ohms, also slightly below the averaged benchmark of 164.5 Ohms, suggesting better than average performance.

However, the 02016D104KAT2A capacitor tends to deviate from the statistical benchmark significantly at higher frequencies such as 200 kHz, with a measured impedance of 11.21 Ohms, compared to the average benchmark of 9.318 Ohms. Similarly, at 600 kHz, there's a noticeable difference in the impedance (4.108 Ohms for the capacitor and 3.225 Ohms for the benchmark), indicating a higher impedance than the ideal performance, which could impact high-frequency applications negatively.

When the component is tested at 6.3 Volts, the impedance statistics display varying deviations from the benchmark. At 5 kHz, the impedance is 426.3 Ohms for the component and 325.6 Ohms for the benchmark, illustrating a higher impedance performance when operating at a higher voltage. At 100 kHz, the component's impedance value is recorded as 17.29 Ohms, which is slightly below the average of 18.07 Ohms, indicating a more acceptable performance in this test scenario.

While evaluating the performance of the KYOCERA AVX 02016D104KAT2A ceramic capacitor in terms of impedance and considering the established statistical benchmarks, it's imperative to analyze the deviations in certain frequency ranges meticulously. Understanding these deviations will allow electronics engineers to evaluate the capacitor's suitability for specific applications, taking into account the impedance trends identified in this analysis. By doing so, they can ensure optimal capacitor performance within their intended application and frequency range.

Capacitance

In this section, we will evaluate the capacitance performance of the KYOCERA AVX 02016D104KAT2A capacitor and discuss its performance in relation to its nominal values and statistical benchmark data. The capacitor, with a nominal value of 100nF and a tolerance of ±10%, is a Ceramic: X5R type component, which renders it suitable for numerous applications. We will compare the capacitance values obtained through LCR measurements at 1 Volt and 6.3 Volts voltage ratings to the statistical benchmark data available for ceramic capacitors.

When comparing the capacitance values of the 02016D104KAT2A at 1 Volt to the statistical benchmark, it is apparent that the component consistently exhibits higher capacitance values across all test frequencies. For example, at a 5 kHz test frequency, the 02016D104KAT2A has a capacitance value of 110.3nF, while the average benchmark value for similar capacitors at the same frequency is only 101.8nF. As the test frequencies increase, the difference in values between the 02016D104KAT2A and the benchmark also increases, indicating that this component exhibits superior performance compared to other ceramic capacitors in the market.

When evaluating the capacitance values of the 02016D104KAT2A at the 6.3 Volts voltage rating, the component generally displays lower capacitance values compared to the statistical benchmark, especially at lower test frequencies. However, as the test frequencies increase (specifically, at about 5 kHz and higher), the 02016D104KAT2A's capacitance values surpass the benchmark. For instance, at a 50 kHz test frequency, the 02016D104KAT2A has a capacitance value of 94.34nF, which is significantly higher than the benchmark value of 91.32nF at the same frequency.

It is essential to consider the real-world applications when selecting capacitors, and these observed differences in capacitance values across various frequencies and voltage ratings help in making an informed decision based on specific requirements. Ultimately, the KYOCERA AVX 02016D104KAT2A capacitor demonstrates reliable and consistent performance in relation to its capacitance values, making it a suitable choice for designers and engineers working with electronic devices and systems.

Series Resistance

At the lowest test frequency of 5 Hz, the series resistance for 02016D104KAT2A was measured at 21.05k ohms at 1 V. This value is significantly lower than the benchmark maximum of 22.34k ohms but higher than the average of 8.751k ohms. The series resistance increased slightly to 23.64k ohms at 6.3 V. The capacitor's series resistance approaches the upper limit of the benchmark as the frequency reduces to 5 Hz, making it less suitable for very low-frequency applications. However, it is worth noting that low frequency applications may not be the typical use case for this component, which is a ceramic capacitor designed primarily for higher frequency ranges.

As the frequency increases, the series resistance performance improves when compared to the benchmark data. For instance, at a frequency of 10 kHz, the measured series resistance was 11.58 ohms at 1 V and 14.32 ohms at 6.3 V. These values are below the benchmark average of 5.163 ohms but above the minimum value of 1.622 ohms. Such measurements indicate that the 02016D104KAT2A capacitor exhibits favorable series resistance for applications in the high-frequency range, as it remains relatively low compared to the benchmark and exhibits the intended performance of ceramic capacitors that excel in this frequency domain.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

When evaluating the dissipation factor (Df) at 1 V, we notice that the values range from 0.073 to 0.075 in the lower test frequencies (5 Hz to 100 Hz), indicating a relatively stable performance. As the test frequency increases, the Df value decreases, which is advantageous for the overall capacitor performance. At 1 MHz, the Df reaches its lowest value of 0.027. This trend of the Df decreasing as the frequency increases is a promising result for the capacitor, as it highlights fewer energy losses in the form of heat due to the dielectric and internal resistances.

At 6.3 V, the Df values follow a similar trend; starting at 0.057 at 5 Hz and decreasing to 0.045 at 1 MHz. These values show that the capacitor is performing even better at a higher voltage, with lower Df values across the entire range of test frequencies. It is worth noting that lower Df values are observed at higher frequencies, which is a characteristic of a high-performance capacitor since the lower energy dissipation implies superior performance, especially in high-frequency applications.

The quality factor (Q) is also an essential parameter to consider. Higher Q values represent a better energy storage capability proportionate to the energy loss. When looking at the Q values at 1 V, they start at 13.71 at 5 Hz and increase with the frequency, reaching a peak value of 37.40 at 1 MHz. This trend is also observed when the capacitor is tested at 6.3 V. Here, the Q values start at 17.58 at 5 Hz and increase to 21.81 at 1 MHz. The increment in Q as the frequency increases is consistent with the capacitor's ideal behavior as it signifies increased energy storage efficiency and better performance at higher frequencies. The higher Q values indicate that this capacitor is suitable for various applications, particularly those requiring stable operation in high-frequency environments, such as in radio frequency circuits or signal filtering.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In this technical review, we analyzed the performance of KYOCERA AVX's 02016D104KAT2A Ceramic: X5R capacitor by comparing its data to a statistical benchmark formed from other components with the same nominal value. The capacitor demonstrates a mixed performance. In some aspects, the capacitor performs on par with the benchmark, while it underperforms or outperforms in other areas.

From the impedance comparison, the capacitor performs within the range of the statistical benchmark data for lower test frequencies, but at higher frequencies, it tends to have a higher impedance than the average benchmark. When evaluating the series resistance, the component shows some instances of outperforming and underperforming compared to the benchmark figures. Series capacitance is a parameter where the 02016D104KAT2A capacitor frequently surpasses the benchmark's average values, potentially offering better performance in some applications.

Regarding the dissipation factor, the capacitor closely follows the benchmark up to 20 kHz frequency range. However, in higher frequency ranges, the capacitor exhibits improved performance, displaying lower dissipation factor in comparison to the average benchmark values. Quality factor performance is generally lower than the benchmark, following the trend of the impedance values.

In conclusion, the KYOCERA AVX 02016D104KAT2A Ceramic: X5R capacitor shows a mixed performance compared to the statistical benchmark. The capacitor would be a potential fit in applications that require low impedance at lower frequencies, and better capacitance values. However, the lower quality factor of this component in higher frequency ranges may influence the decision-making process for engineers assessing this capacitor's applicability for their circuits. As always, it is recommended to carefully assess the overall requirements and constraints of the application before making the final decision.