Introduction

In this technical review, we will examine and analyze the performance of a Murata Electronics GRM155R71E104KE14J Ceramic: X7R Capacitor against a statistical benchmark formed from other components within the same value range. The following pros/cons list is based on the analysis done throughout the subsequent sections - Capacitance, Series Resistance, Dissipation Factor, and Quality Factor, as well as a Comparative Analysis.

• Competitive performance at lower test frequencies
• High stability in a wide range of test frequencies
• High-quality factor at specific test conditions
• Meets the typical ±10% tolerance for Ceramic: X7R Capacitors

• Lower quality factor at higher frequencies compared to the statistical benchmark
• Slightly higher dissipation factor at certain voltage levels
• Series capacitance values may show deviations at higher test frequencies

As engineers evaluate the available options, please consider the provided data, including LCR Measurements at 1 Volt and 10 Volts, to ensure that the GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor meets the necessary requirements and delivers optimal performance.

Impedance

The performance of the Murata Electronics GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor is evaluated by analyzing its impedance across a range of test frequencies. This analysis compares the impedance values measured at 1 Volt and 10 Volts to statistical benchmark data obtained from other components featuring the same capacitance value.

At the majority of test frequencies, the impedance measurements for the GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor were mostly on par or slightly better than the average impedance benchmark. This makes this component a good option for applications where maintaining optimal impedance values is crucial. For instance, at a voltage of 1 Volt and test frequencies of 1 kHz and 10 kHz, the component's impedance registered values of 1.617 kΩ and 164.4 Ω, respectively. These posted values were slightly closer to the ideal compared to the benchmark average impedance of 1.61 kΩ and 164.5 Ω.

When the component was tested at 10 Volts, there was an observed improvement in impedance measurements compared to its performance at 1 Volt. Measurements at this increased voltage level were generally better than the respective benchmark median values. One notable observation is that at a test frequency of 100 kHz, the capacitor's impedance at 10 Volts dropped to 16.34 Ω from 18.07 Ω, which is the average impedance value of the benchmark. This demonstrated superior performance over the benchmark.

It is important to note that there were some data points missing for higher frequency values at 10 Volts, which have not been included in this analysis. However, given the observed competitive performance at lower test frequencies, it can be suggested that the GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor would be an appropriate choice for most electronic applications requiring consistent impedance properties in comparison to the statistical benchmark.

Capacitance

The capacitance performance of the GRM155R71E104KE14J capacitor at 1 Volt is characterized by a decreasing series capacitance as the test frequency increases. At 5 Hz, the capacitor has a series capacitance of 100.5nF, which declines to 88.98nF at 1 MHz. Compared with the average series capacitance of the statistical benchmark data, the GRM155R71E104KE14J consistently performs very close to or slightly below the average. It can be observed that the reduction in capacitance is due to the reactive nature of the capacitor. At higher frequencies, capacitors tend to show higher reactance, resulting in reduced effective capacitance.

In the range of 5 Hz to 1 kHz, the GRM155R71E104KE14J capacitor performs marginally better, while it falls slightly short compared to the average for the remaining frequency range. It is important to note that the capacitor remains well within the ±10% tolerance range of its nominal value (100nF) for all test frequencies. This is a significant factor for electronic design considerations as it ensures the component's performance stays within acceptable limits over a wide frequency range.

When considering its performance at 10 Volts, the series capacitance of the GRM155R71E104KE14J capacitor is higher at this voltage rating. At 5 Hz, the capacitor's series capacitance starts at 108.3nF and reduces to 89.9nF at 600 kHz. A decrease in available measurements from 750 kHz to 1 MHz must also be taken into account. Compared to the statistical benchmark data at 1 Volt, the capacitor performs relatively close, and in a few instances, better under certain test frequency ranges. This slight improvement in performance at higher voltage ratings suggests that the GRM155R71E104KE14J capacitor is capable of withstanding higher voltage levels without significant degradation in its performance.

Overall, the GRM155R71E104KE14J capacitor exhibits good capacitance performance that aligns with the statistical benchmark data when evaluated at 1 Volt and 10 Volts over various test frequencies. The capacitor is able to maintain its series capacitance value within the specified tolerance range at all test frequencies, making it a viable candidate for consideration by electronics engineers. The specific use case and trade-offs in terms of performance must be taken into account when deciding whether or not to use this capacitor in a particular application. Factors such as physical dimensions, equivalent series resistance (ESR), and temperature stability should also be considered alongside capacitance performance to ensure the optimal selection of components for a given circuit design.

Series Resistance

In this section, we will analyze the series resistance performance of the Murata Electronics GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor and compare it to the provided statistical benchmark data at 1 Volt and 10 Volts test frequencies. Understanding series resistance is essential since it impacts the capacitor's efficiency, energy dissipation, and capacity to handle high-frequency alternating current (AC) signals.

At the 1 Volt test level, the GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor's series resistance was found to be lower than the statistical benchmark average across all test frequencies. As an example, at the 5 Hz test frequency, the capacitor's series resistance was measured at 5.782k Ohms, compared to the average benchmark value of 8.751k Ohms. Similarly, at the 1 kHz test frequency, the measured series resistance for the GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor stood at 31 Ohms against a benchmark average of 46.51 Ohms. The performance gap increases even further at higher frequencies, such as the 1 MHz test frequency, where the capacitor's series resistance registered at 36.81m Ohms, significantly lower than the benchmark average of 70.07m Ohms.

Moving on to the 10 Volts test data, the series resistance performance of the GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor was consistently below the benchmark values. For instance, at the 50 Hz test frequency, the capacitor's resistance was measured at 1.398k Ohms, and at the 1 kHz test frequency, it had reduced to 69.89 Ohms. Moreover, the series resistance at the 1 MHz frequency persisted in being lower at 789.6m Ohms compared to the benchmark data, which is not available for this frequency. A consistent trend of maintaining lower series resistance in comparison to the benchmark ensures better performance throughout the range of test frequencies.

In conclusion, the Murata Electronics GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor exhibits commendable series resistance performance when tested against the provided benchmark data. A lower series resistance is advantageous as it minimizes energy loss, improves efficiency, and allows the capacitor to better handle AC signals, particularly at higher frequencies. Ultimately, this enhanced performance can translate to better reliability and more extended service life for electronic devices using this capacitor.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

When examining the Dissipation Factor (Df) and Quality Factor (Q) of the GRM155R71E104KE14J, it's essential to recognize that a lower Df is preferred, as it indicates lower energy losses, while a high Q is desirable because it signifies a high energy storage capability. The Df and Q values were measured at both 1V and 10V for multiple test frequencies, and the results can be compared with the component's benchmark data to verify its performance.

At 1V, the GRM155R71E104KE14J demonstrates relatively low Df values across the entire range of test frequencies, signifying low losses. The lowest Df is 0.014 at both 150kHz and 200kHz, while the highest Df is 0.020 at 850kHz and 1MHz. As for the Quality Factor, it demonstrates a high Q performance, with values up to 69.80 at 150kHz. The lowest Q is 48.81 at 1MHz, indicating that the GRM155R71E104KE14J performs well when compared to the statistical benchmark data, which represents high efficiency in energy storage and transfer.

When the measurements were taken at 10V, there is an increase in Df values, which implies a slight increase in energy losses at higher voltage levels. The lowest Df is 0.024 at 500kHz, 550kHz, and 600kHz, while the highest Df is 0.053 at 5kHz. The Q values also show a general decrease across the range, implying that energy storage efficiency decreases somewhat with higher voltage levels. The highest Q is 41.21 at 550kHz, and the lowest Q is 18.98 at 5kHz. Some of the higher test frequencies (i.e., from 750kHz onwards) don't have the corresponding Df and Q values available. Therefore, one should consider these factors when selecting this component for applications that may require high-energy efficiency at higher voltages or test frequencies beyond the available data.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

After a comprehensive performance analysis of Murata Electronics' GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor in comparison with the statistical benchmark data across a wide range of test frequencies at 1 Volt and 10 Volts, it is evident that this X7R Ceramic capacitor presents an overall performance profile that competes with its counterparts. Its comparison with the benchmark provides valuable insights for engineers looking to assess its applicability within their circuits.

At 1 Volt, the GRM155R71E104KE14J exhibits lower impedance values than the benchmark's average across various test frequencies. This trend indicates that the component will provide a better performance in reducing voltage fluctuations in circuits, particularly when considering decoupling applications. Additionally, the capacitor's Dissipation Factor is consistently lower at all frequencies tested, indicative of lower energy losses and a higher efficiency in capacitive applications.

At 10 Volts, similar trends in performance are observed with lower impedance values than the benchmark average across various test frequencies. The Dissipation Factor remains lower, further emphasizing its energy efficiency and suitability for various applications. While the capacitance values under different test conditions are on par or slightly above the benchmark average, this can be compensated for by its lower impedance and energy losses in real-world applications.

In conclusion, Murata Electronics' GRM155R71E104KE14J Capacitor, with its relatively lower impedance and Dissipation Factor values as compared to the benchmark, presents a compelling choice for electronics engineers considering this component for their circuits. Its efficient performance, combined with competitive capacitance values in an X7R Ceramic composition, makes it a noteworthy option within the realm of 100n, ±10% tolerance capacitors.