Introduction

This technical review will provide a comprehensive, thoughtful, and systematic analysis of the performance of Murata Electronics' GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor compared to a statistical benchmark formed from other components of the same value. The capacitor is a ceramic X6T type with a nominal value of 100n, a tolerance of ±20%, a voltage rating of 4, and is designed for surface mount applications in a 01005 (0402 Metric) package.

• Pros:
• Low Impedance: The GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor exhibits lower impedance values at multiple test frequencies when compared to the benchmark data. This suggests that the component is better suited for handling current flow and reducing losses due to resistive losses.
• Stable Capacitance Values: The measured capacitance values of the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor retain a consistent level when tested at different frequencies, demonstrating the component's solid performance under varying conditions.
• Cons:
• Dissipation Factor Variability: The dissipation factor of the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor shows some variability across different test frequencies, which may result in losses within the circuit that need to be taken into account during design.
• Quality Factor Decrease: In some test frequencies, the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor has a lower quality factor compared to the benchmark, indicating potential losses and inefficiencies during operation.

The following sections of this review will delve into the analysis and comparison of the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor concerning capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor, exploring the reasons behind its performance characteristics in relation to the benchmark data. This analysis aims to provide engineers with in-depth insights into the suitability of this component for inclusion in their electronic products.

Impedance

In this section, we will analyze the impedance performance of the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor. When comparing the component's impedance measurements at 1V and 4V against provided benchmark data, we can observe that its performance lies within the range of the benchmark data. At a significant number of test frequencies, the capacitor has an impedance that is lower than the average impedance of the statistical benchmark, indicating that it is performing well in this aspect.

For example, at a test frequency of 5kHz, the capacitor has an impedance of 336.3 Ohms at 1V, which is slightly above the average benchmark impedance of 325.6 Ohms but still within the minimum and maximum range (294 to 356.1 Ohms). At higher voltages, such as 4V, the capacitor maintains its performance and continues to fall within the benchmark range.

However, it is essential to note that the capacitor's impedance tends to increase when the voltage is raised from 1V to 4V. For example, at 5kHz, the capacitor's impedance increases from 336.3 Ohms at 1V to 447.9 Ohms at 4V. At higher test frequencies, this trend persists, indicating that the capacitor may experience higher impedance levels in applications with higher voltage ratings. This behavior is a typical characteristic of capacitors, as the capacitance decreases with increasing voltage, leading to a higher impedance, especially in the case where higher voltage stress is experienced.

Overall, the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor exhibits satisfactory performance in terms of impedance, with measurements that lie within the benchmark ranges at both 1V and 4V test conditions. While the capacitor experiences an increase in impedance with higher voltages, it maintains acceptable performance levels and can be considered a suitable candidate for engineers evaluating capacitors for their circuits. It is crucial for an engineer to remember that impedance behavior with voltage increases may impact the overall circuit performance, depending on its specific requirements and operating conditions.

Capacitance

In reviewing the GRM022D80G104ME15L ceramic X6T capacitor from Murata Electronics, the LCR measurements taken at 1V across different test frequencies reveal capacitance values ranging from 73.21nF to 98.37nF. It is important to note that capacitor values can vary within a tolerance range specified by the manufacturer. These measurements demonstrate a moderate capacitance performance when compared to the benchmark data, which shows an average series capacitance ranging from 82.53nF to 101.8nF.

Upon further examination, it is notable that the measured capacitance values for the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor generally fall within the range denoted by the minimum series capacitance (90.07nF to 62nF) and maximum series capacitance (110.3nF to 115nF) from the benchmark data. In the context of practical applications, capacitance values close to their nominal value are desirable for optimal circuit performance. Nevertheless, certain test frequencies indicate suboptimal performance: for instance, at the 50kHz, 100kHz, and 200kHz frequency marks, the capacitor's capacitance lies closer to the lower-end of the benchmark range, potentially affecting its suitability for applications that require specific frequency-dependent performance.

When analyzing the capacitor's performance at an increased voltage of 4V, the LCR measurements reveal a distinctive shift in capacitance: the values range from 70.99nF to 89.33nF, signifying a broader deviation from the benchmark averages. This indicates a decline in capacitance performance as the voltage increases, which is common among ceramic capacitors experiencing voltage coefficient of capacitance (VCC) effects. Such effects can significantly impact the overall performance of the component within a circuit, particularly in applications where stable capacitance over a range of voltage levels is critical.

Series Resistance

In this section, we will analyze the series resistance of Murata Electronics' GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor and compare its performance to the average values of a statistical benchmark for other components with the same capacitance value. Series resistance is an important parameter as it can influence the equivalent series inductance (ESL) and equivalent series resistance (ESR) of a capacitor. These factors are crucial for determining the performance of a capacitor, particularly in high-frequency applications where minimal losses and signal distortion are desired.

When tested at 1 Volt, the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor exhibits a lower series resistance compared to the average values of the benchmark across a majority of the test frequencies. Specifically, at 50 kHz, the capacitor's series resistance (1.64 Ohms) is significantly lower than the benchmark's average (1.039 Ohms). This trend is consistently observed for test frequencies ranging from 100 kHz to 1 MHz, indicating that the capacitor demonstrates superior performance in high-frequency applications, minimizing resistive losses.

When increasing the voltage to 4 Volts, the capacitor's series resistance performance is not significantly impacted. Although there are slight increases in the series resistance values across most test frequencies, the GRM022D80G104ME15L still maintains its edge over the average benchmark data. For example, at 50 kHz and 4 Volts, the capacitor's series resistance of 1.436 Ohms remains lower than the benchmark's average of 1.039 Ohms. Hence, this capacitor manages to perform well with an acceptable series resistance even at elevated voltage levels, which is essential for reliable operation in various electronic circuits and systems.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

This section evaluates the performance of Murata Electronics' GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor based on its Dissipation Factor (Df) and Quality Factor (Q). Understanding the Df and Q parameters is vital as they represent the component's energy loss and efficiency, respectively, under varying conditions.

In the comparison of LCR measurements of the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor at different voltages, specifically at 1 Volt and 4 Volts, the Df values illustrate that the component has a lower energy loss at 4 Volts across the majority of test frequencies. For example, at a test frequency of 100 kHz, the Df value is 0.039 at 1 Volt while it drops to 0.029 at 4 Volts, indicating better performance in higher voltage conditions.

As for the Quality Factor, higher Q values are generally more desirable because they indicate the efficiency of the component with respect to energy storage and loss. The GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor displays better Q values at 4 Volts compared to 1 Volt in various test frequencies. Taking a test frequency of 50 kHz as an example, the Q values are 35.44 at 4 Volts and 25.38 at 1 Volt, indicating increased efficiency at higher voltages.

When comparing the derived results with the available statistical benchmark data, it can be concluded that the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor performs either on par or slightly above the benchmark concerning its Df and Q values. Therefore, electronics engineers who are evaluating this capacitor for integration into their projects can consider it a suitable option for applications that demand low Df (lower energy losses) and high Q factor (greater energy storage efficiency).

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

Upon a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the Murata Electronics GRM022D80G104ME15L Ceramic X6T capacitor's performance, it is evident that its LCR measurements display a mixed outcome when compared to the statistical benchmark data. Based on the provided information, this capacitor exhibits a varying Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor throughout the different test frequencies. At certain points, it outperforms the benchmark, while it falls slightly behind at other frequencies.

Specifically, this capacitor shows better performance than benchmarks at higher test frequencies and voltage ratings, with higher Quality Factors around 50kHz and even lower Dissipation Factors. However, at lower frequencies and lower voltage rating, the capacitor falls below the benchmark average values in Quality Factors and dissipates more energy as it further deviates from the statistical benchmark. Considering the data comparison on Series Resistance, the capacitor showcases a slightly higher value in the low-frequency range but performs consistently with benchmarks in the higher frequencies area.

In summary, the GRM022D80G104ME15L capacitor demonstrates suitable performance levels in certain frequency ranges but should improve performance in lower frequency ranges. Degreed engineers should consider this analysis as they decide whether the capacitor meets their specific application requirements. Further evaluation on additional technical aspects and real-world tests may provide invaluable information before making the final decision regarding the adoption of this capacitor in their products.