Introduction

In this review, we will be analyzing the performance of Murata Electronics' LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor in comparison to a statistical benchmark formed from other components of the same value. The LQM21PN4R7MGHL, a multilayer inductor, promises to deliver high-quality performance in various applications for electronics engineers.

• Pros
• Wide range of test frequencies
• Consistent Quality Factor at higher frequencies
• Favorable Series Resistance and Inductance values

• Cons
• Lower Quality Factor at low frequencies
• Potentially higher Series Resistance in certain cases

The LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor's performance will be assessed using test results collected at 1 Volt and 10 Volts, and the data will be compared to a benchmark to evaluate its effectiveness. The evaluation will cover areas such as Inductance, Series Resistance, Dissipation Factor, and Quality Factor, providing a comprehensive understanding of the component's performance against industry standards. This analysis aims to assist electronics engineers in evaluating the LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor and determining whether it is suitable for their applications.

Impedance

The LQM21PN4R7MGHL exhibits consistently higher impedance across the entire frequency range tested when compared to the average impedance values of the benchmark dataset. Impedance, which describes the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) through a component, is a critical parameter to be considered during the design process of electronic circuits.

At low frequencies, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL demonstrates impedance values within the same order of magnitude as the average impedance of the benchmark dataset. For instance, at 5Hz, the component's impedance is observed to be 235.9mΩ, compared to the benchmark's average of 197mΩ. This similarity persists up to around 5kHz, where the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's impedance of 279.8mΩ approaches the benchmark dataset's average value of 338.8mΩ.

As the frequency increases, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's impedance begins to deviate significantly from the benchmark averages. For example, at 100kHz, the component impedance is measured at 2.955Ω, surpassing the benchmark average of 2.987Ω. The deviation becomes more pronounced at higher frequencies, such as 500kHz, where the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's impedance of 14.64Ω exceeds the benchmark average of 14.29Ω by a sizeable margin.

A similar trend is observed when evaluating the performance of the LQM21PN4R7MGHL at 10 Volts. Within this voltage range, the inductor's impedance remains consistently higher across all frequency ranges assessed. Notably, at 50kHz, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL exhibits an impedance of 2.002Ω, while the benchmark's maximum value reaches 3.672Ω. Furthermore, at 1MHz, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's impedance value of 35.58Ω exceeds the benchmark value of 32.63Ω.

Understanding the impedance characteristics of an electronic component like the LQM21PN4R7MGHL is crucial in various practical applications such as filtering, energy storage, and decoupling. By comprehensively analyzing the impedance performance of this inductor, engineers and designers can make informed decisions when incorporating such components into their electronic circuits, ultimately allowing them to design systems with optimal performance and efficiency.

Inductance

Starting at a test frequency of 5 Hz, which represents the benchmark minimum, the series inductance values for 1 Volt range from a minimum of 1.023 μH to a maximum of 76.44 μH, with an average value of 15.29 μH. When tested at the same conditions, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor demonstrates a series inductance value of 15.86 μH, which lies well within the established benchmark range, and is close to the calculated average value for inductors operating under the same test conditions.

When the test frequency is increased to 10 Hz, the benchmark minimum, average, and maximum series inductance values change to 3.344 μH, 11.59 μH, and 33.4 μH, respectively. Under these conditions, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL series inductance value measures 7.397 μH, which once again remains well within the aforementioned benchmark range, and is situated almost equidistant from the minimum and average values. Throughout the entire frequency range up to 1 MHz, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor exhibits a consistently well-balanced performance that adheres to the benchmark range.

However, it should be noted that under a 10 Volt test condition, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor demonstrates noticeable deviations in performance at lower frequencies (5 Hz and 10 Hz) when compared to its 1 Volt test scenario. For instance, at 5 Hz, the inductor's series inductance value rapidly increases to 109.6 μH, while at 10 Hz, it exhibits a significant rise, reaching 93.04 μH. This observed behavior suggests a potential nonlinearity of the inductor with respect to voltage. Nevertheless, as the test frequency rises to 50 Hz, the inductor returns to a more consistent performance that better aligns with the benchmark data. From this point onwards, it gradually stabilizes back within the benchmark range throughout the remaining portion of the frequency spectrum, up to 1 MHz.

Series Resistance

In this review, the performance of the Murata Electronics LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor with respect to series resistance will be compared to the statistical benchmark for other components of the same value. As part of our comprehensive analysis, we will specifically target the behavior of the inductor at low and high test frequencies, as these aspects are significant determinants in practical applications of such components.

Starting at a test amplitude of 1 Volt, the series resistance ranges from 235.8mΩ at a test frequency of 5Hz, gradually increasing to 808.7mΩ at 1MHz. Alternatively, when the test amplitude is increased to 10 Volts, series resistance observations demonstrate a slightly increased resistance range, commencing from 233.8mΩ (recorded at 5Hz) up to 6709mΩ at 1MHz. To maintain objectivity in the evaluation of the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's performance, we shall contrast these values with the statistical benchmarks derived from similar components.

In comparison to the established benchmark, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's performance leaned towards the upper limit in various categories. As a notable observation, the series resistance of this inductor was consistently greater than the benchmark average throughout the measurements taken. Furthermore, its maximum series resistance exceeded the benchmark's maximum values, which may necessitate a higher tolerance level when incorporating the component into certain circuits.

On a positive note, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL demonstrated commendable behavior at lower test frequencies (up to 10kHz) as its measured series resistance closely mirrored the benchmark average values. However, this performance consistency shifted considerably as the frequency increased, specifically from 50kHz onwards, with a notable increase in series resistance when compared to the benchmark. This variation in series resistance performance at higher test frequencies is of significant interest, as it could potentially impact power loss and efficiency in applications that rely on such operating ranges and conditions.

Given the points raised above, it is prudent for electronics engineers to thoroughly analyze the implications of the LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor's behavior at higher test frequencies when making design decisions. Although it exhibits satisfactory performance at lower frequencies, the observed increase in series resistance values compared to the benchmark at higher frequencies merits special consideration in the design and implementation process, especially when optimizing power efficiency and circuit performance is crucial.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

The LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor demonstrates an overall increase in its Q factor as the voltage across the component increases from 1 Volt to 10 Volts. This relationship can be observed across a range of test frequencies and suggests that the performance of this inductor improves as the voltage increases, making it a potential candidate for applications where higher voltages are required. However, it is important to consider that the Q values observed for the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor are comparatively low when measured against benchmark data, which may imply some level of energy loss in the form of heat dissipation.

At a test frequency of 100kHz, the Q factor value for the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor at 1 Volt is 11.12, while at 10 Volts, the Q factor is measured at 5.75. It's worth noting that the benchmark data, though not directly provided, can be influenced by various factors, such as the device's composition, manufacturing processes, and testing methodologies. Despite these potential variations, engineers can utilize this Q factor data to make an informed decision on whether the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor fulfills their specific circuit requirements in terms of energy storage efficiency and associated power losses.

When selecting an inductor, understanding the relationship between the dissipation factor and quality factor is essential for optimal circuit performance. These factors indicate how effectively the inductor stores energy and how much energy loss can be attributed to internal resistances or other imperfections. By carefully evaluating these factors, engineers can make informed decisions regarding the suitability of the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor for their designs, ensuring optimal efficiency and performance while addressing challenges associated with energy storage and heat dissipation.

Comparative Analysis

The LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor, manufactured by Murata Electronics, was thoroughly analyzed by making comparisons between its component data and the statistical benchmark data. This comparative analysis is aimed to provide a reliable and objective evaluation of this 4.7µH multilayer surface-mount inductor for electronics engineers who may be considering its potential use in their designs.

When comparing the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's impedance and series resistance performance against the statistical benchmark, we observe a noteworthy deviation. Across several test frequencies, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL presents a significantly higher impedance and series resistance in comparison to the average impedance and series resistance values from the benchmark data. For instance, at 20 kHz, this inductor exhibits an impedance of 637.4mΩ and a series resistance of 240.4mΩ, while the benchmark data on average display values of 733.5mΩ and 275.5mΩ, respectively. The LQM21PN4R7MGHL consistently demonstrates lower impedance and series resistance than the benchmark's average across almost all test frequencies.

However, when looking at the quality factor (Q) performance, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor lags behind the benchmark average in several test frequencies. For example, at 50 kHz, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL has a quality factor of 5.94, whereas the benchmark averages 15.13. This disparity increases at higher frequencies - at 1 MHz, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL quality factor is only 36.04 while the benchmark average stands at 89.00.

Surprisingly, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL's series inductance performance shows a stable performance across most test frequencies in both the 1-volt and 10-volt LCR measurements. For example, at 5 kHz, the series inductance at 1 volt is 4.719μH, and at 5 kHz with 10 volts, it remains around the same value at 5.802μH. This stable inductance performance may be advantageous in certain applications that need such stability.

In summary, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL inductor exhibits specific performance characteristics that set it apart from the benchmark data. Although it shows lower impedance and series resistance values, it underperforms in terms of the quality factor. The stable inductance could be beneficial in specific situations. Engineers and component specifiers should carefully study these characteristics to determine if this particular inductor is suitable for their requirements.

Conclusion

In this review, we have analyzed the performance of the Murata Electronics LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor, a multilayer, surface-mount component with a nominal value of 4.7μH and tolerance of ±20%. Our analysis has been focused on making comparisons between the component data and the statistical benchmark data, ensuring an objective and reliable assessment of its applicability for electronics engineers' circuits.

Upon analysis, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor shows mixed results when compared to the statistical benchmark data. At test frequencies of 5 kHz, 10 kHz, and 50 kHz, the component's impedance, series resistance, and series inductance are generally higher than the average values found in the benchmark. This suggests that the Murata Electronics Inductor may perform better in filtering applications, where higher impedance and series resistance are preferable.

However, at frequencies above 100 kHz, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor's performance starts to degrade, as its impedance, series resistance, and series inductance deviate more significantly from the benchmark's average value. This may impact its applicability in high-frequency applications, where a more consistent performance is desired.

The quality factor assessment reveals that the Murata Electronics Inductor underperforms compared to the benchmark across the entire range of frequencies tested. This may imply a higher dissipation factor in this component, leading to the potential of energy loss due to temperature rise and limiting its applicability in energy-critical applications.

In conclusion, the LQM21PN4R7MGHL Inductor from Murata Electronics offers mixed performance, excelling in certain low-frequency scenarios but falling short in high-frequency applications and overall quality factor. Engineers must carefully consider their specific circuit requirements when assessing the applicability of this Inductor.