Introduction

In this technical review, we will assess a Panasonic Electronic Components Film Capacitor(ECQ-E2475KF) against a statistical benchmark of components with the same value. The Capacitor's core features include a nominal value of 4.7μF, a voltage rating of 250V, and a ±10% tolerance. The component is composed of metallized polyester film and comes in a through-hole radial package.

The analysis presented will provide critical insights into the tendencies of the component's capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor. Electronics engineers intending to incorporate a Film Capacitor into their circuits can benefit from this review to make informed decisions.

As a reference, here is a summary of the most relevant advantages and drawbacks of the ECQ-E2475KF Capacitor:

• High-quality Polyester Metallized Film construction
• Stable performance across different test voltages
• Wide range of applicability for various applications
• Low dissipation and series resistance values at lower frequencies making it ideal for low-frequency utilization.

• High series resistance values at higher frequencies make it less suitable for high-frequency applications
• Dissipation factor increases at higher frequencies, impacting its efficiency
• Unsuitable for high-voltage applications due to 250V voltage rating.

Throughout the review of the Panasonic ECQ-E2475KF Capacitor, we will use these pros and cons as a premise to contrast its effectiveness with the statistical benchmark data provided.

Impedance

The impedance behavior of the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor is characterized under two different test conditions: 1 Volt and 10 Volts. For 1 Volt test conditions, the impedance values of the ECQ-E2475KF exhibit a commendable performance, particularly at lower test frequencies. For instance, at a 5 Hz test frequency, the capacitor's impedance is measured at 6.708 k Ohms, which is fairly close to the statistical benchmark's average value of 6.293 k Ohms. However, at certain test frequencies such as 300 kHz and 600 kHz, the impedance of the ECQ-E2475KF deviates further from the benchmark average values.

At a higher voltage testing of 10 Volts, the impedance measurements exhibit similar tendencies and patterns. Again, the capacitor's performance at lower-frequency test points, such as 5 Hz and 10 Hz, show that the impedance values closely match the benchmark impedance. However, data becomes increasingly scarce as test frequency increases past 600 kHz at the 10 Volts test condition. It's critical to consider the 10% tolerance on the nominal capacitance value of 4.7 μF when analyzing the magnitude and consistency of these impedance values.

Based on the available data, engineers considering the use of the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor might find it to be an optimal choice at lower test frequencies where the impedance values are closer to the statistical benchmark averages. This implies that the capacitor performs more consistently and predictably at these lower frequencies, ensuring reliable operation in such conditions. Conversely, at higher test frequencies and varying test voltages, other capacitors may provide the desired performance due to the absence of a complete dataset and the observed impedance deviations from the statistical benchmark averages. Therefore, it is advisable to exercise caution and consider alternatives when looking for capacitors intended for applications that involve higher frequencies or fluctuating voltages, as these may impact the ECQ-E2475KF's performance.

Capacitance

Our analysis of the performance of Panasonic Electronic Components' ECQ-E2475KF metallized polyester film capacitor, with a nominal capacitance value of 4.7μF and a tolerance of ±10%, relies on comparisons against statistical benchmark data. We will focus on capacitance values for this capacitor when tested at 1 Volt and 10 Volts across various test frequencies, offering insights into the component's functionality and stability under different conditions.

Examination of the test data reveals that the ECQ-E2475KF maintains a relatively consistent capacitance throughout a wide range of frequencies, demonstrating suitability for applications that require reliable performance. When tested with 1 Volt, the capacitance values range from 4.745μF at 5 Hz to 3.027μF at 1 MHz. These outcomes, particularly for testing frequencies between 50 Hz and 200 kHz, lie predominantly within the ±10% tolerance range specified by the manufacturer.

In contrast to the behaviour of ECQ-E2475KF, comparison of benchmark data at 1 Volt highlights some notable discrepancies. The minimum and maximum series capacitance values deviate considerably from the average for frequencies beyond 600 kHz, indicating inconsistent performance in those test frequencies. On the other hand, the ECQ-E2475KF demonstrates more consistent capacitance at similar frequencies, well within the specified tolerance range, making it a more reliable option under tested conditions.

Upon examination of test data at 10 Volts, the ECQ-E2475KF showcases commendable reliability throughout the varying test frequencies. Notably, capacitance values for the 10 Volts test data rise slightly higher for frequencies just beyond 20 kHz when compared to the 1 Volt test data. This observation suggests that the ECQ-E2475KF offers enhanced stability and capacitance performance across a broader range of frequencies and higher voltage levels, further reinforcing its suitability for diverse applications and operating conditions.

Series Resistance

While analyzing the 1 Volt LCR measurements for the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor, its performance varies depending on the test frequencies. At lower test frequencies, such as 5Hz and 10Hz, the series resistance values are observed to be higher than the average benchmark values: 8.78 Ohms compared to an average of 252 Ohms and 2.766 Ohms compared to 125.4 Ohms, respectively. Interestingly, the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor exhibits better performance as the test frequency increases. For instance, at the higher test frequency of 100kHz, the measured series resistance is significantly low, at 12.79m Ohms compared to the benchmark average of 143.8m Ohms. This observation demonstrates efficient performance by ECQ-E2475KF within the specific frequency range.

Moving on to the 10 Volts LCR measurements, we can once again observe a varying performance of the ECQ-E2475KF when evaluated against the statistical benchmark. At the lower test frequency of 5Hz, the measured series resistance value actually increases to 9.926 Ohms, surpassing the benchmark average. However, as previously observed in the 1 Volt measurements, the capacitor's performance in terms of series resistance improves at higher test frequencies. A noteworthy improvement can be seen at 100kHz, where the measured series resistance is significantly reduced to 1.735m Ohms. This suggests that the capacitor's overall performance is better optimized for high-frequency applications.

It is important to consider these performance variations when selecting an appropriate capacitor for a specific application. While high series resistance at low frequencies is generally undesired, the ECQ-E2475KF can still provide excellent performance within higher frequency ranges. Engineers must carefully assess the frequency range requirements for their projects to ensure that the chosen capacitor can deliver the desired performance without causing impedance mismatch, energy losses, or inefficiencies in the overall system design.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

The Dissipation Factor (Df) and Quality Factor (Q) characterize the performance efficiency and stability of capacitors such as the ECQ-E2475KF. The Df provides insights into the energy loss accompanying the capacitor's operation, while the Q-factor indicates the energy efficiency relative to the dissipated energy and is inversely proportional to Df.

Based on the LCR measurements conducted at 1 Volt, the Df values for the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor fall within the low-to-reasonable range, spanning from 0.001 to 0.453 for frequencies up to 550 kHz. These low Df values align with the expectation for capacitors offering high stability and minimal energy loss. The Q-factor within the frequency range of 5 Hz and 100 kHz remains high, peaking at a value of 1208.30 at 10 Hz before gradually declining, consistent with a decrease in energy efficiency at higher frequencies. The Q-factor reaches its minimum value of 0.43 at 600 kHz.

LCR measurements at 10 Volts follow a similar pattern, with Df-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.428 in the 5 Hz to 550 kHz frequency range. This result reaffirms the notion that the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor achieves low energy loss and high stability, as lower Df values correspond to improved performance. Similarly, the Q-factor exhibits high values, peaking at a remarkable 9279.38 at 100 Hz. As with the 1 Volt measurements, an increase in frequency results in a general decline in the Q-factor, reinforcing the relationship between frequency variations and energy efficiency for this capacitor.

In summary, the performance of the ECQ-E2475KF capacitor, as illustrated by the Df and Q-factor values, consistently demonstrates high stability and minimal energy loss across multiple conditions. These characteristics are beneficial for designers and engineers looking to implement energy-efficient components in their electronic systems. Furthermore, understanding the relationship between the capacitor's performance and frequency can help optimize its integration in various applications, taking advantage of the components' characteristics at different operating conditions.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In our assessment of Panasonic Electronic Component's ECQ-E2475KF, a Film: Polyester, Metallized capacitor, we performed a series of tests for factors such as impedance, capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor. By comparing the component's data with the statistical benchmark data, we were able to draw conclusions about its performance and suitability for potential applications.

For LCR measurements at 1 Volt, the ECQ-E2475KF exhibits an overall competitive performance against the statistical benchmarks. In particular, the capacitor demonstrates impressive quality factor values, especially at 10Hz and 100kHz. The impedance and series resistance of the component are also generally satisfactory. However, the dissipation factor values tend to be higher than the statistical benchmarks, particularly at higher frequencies.

The LCR measurements at 10 Volts show a few notable variations compared to those at 1 Volt. The quality factor values remain superb, especially at 10Hz and 100kHz, but there is a discrepancy between the statistical benchmarks and the capacitor's data across the full frequency range. Similar to the 1 Volt tests, the component's impedance and series resistance are mostly equal to or below the benchmark data. Nonetheless, the dissipation factor continues to exceed the statistical benchmarks in most cases, especially at high frequencies.

In conclusion, the Panasonic ECQ-E2475KF is a reliable choice for engineers seeking a Film: Polyester, Metallized capacitor. It performs well in terms of impedance, capacitance, and series resistance, while presenting remarkable quality factors. The primary concern lies within the capacitor's increased dissipation factor values. Engineers should pay attention to their circuits' requirements and take into account this higher dissipation factor when considering this capacitor for their applications.