Introduction

The TDK Corporation's C1005X7R1H104K050BB is a surface-mount, multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) with an X7R dielectric and a rated capacitance of 100nF. This particular capacitor is known for its adaptability and performance under various situations. It features a nominal value of 100n with a tolerance of ±10%. Its voltage rating stands at 50V, and the size is packaged in a compact 0402 (1005 Metric) form factor.

In this technical review, we will analyze the C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitor, taking into account its performance based on our measurements and considering its statistical 5th percentile benchmark data. This review aims to assist engineers in comprehending the capacitor's suitability for specific product requirements and examine its potential for optimal performance.

Pros:

• Compact size (0402 package)
• Good nominal value consistency (100nF +/- 10%)
• Adaptable performance for various situations

Cons:

• Quality factor (Q) not significantly above average
• Series resistance performance could be improved

Impedance

When analyzing the impedance performance of the TDK Corporation C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitor, it is crucial to compare it to the statistical benchmark data collected from other components of the same value (100nF, X7R Ceramic). In this review, we will evaluate the impedance characteristics of this capacitor at test frequencies ranging from 1 MHz down to 5 Hz, which is a relevant range in practical applications.

Impedance measurements at 1 Volt reveal that the C1005X7R1H104K050BB performs consistently with the statistical benchmark values. In the low-frequency range, specifically at 5 Hz and 10 Hz, the capacitor's impedance values of 310.1kΩ and 155.6kΩ, respectively, are well within the benchmark's minimum and maximum boundaries. As the frequency increases, the impedance values remain relatively close to the average benchmark values across the spectrum, maintaining a satisfactory performance. Notably, the impedance performance stays between the minimum and maximum benchmark values for all test frequencies at 1 Volt. This shows that the capacitor is capable of handling varying frequencies without a significant deviation from the expected impedance values.

In the case of 10 Volts, we observe similar results. The impedance values remain within the statistical benchmark's range when compared to other 100nF X7R ceramic capacitors. Impressively, the component exhibits a stable performance across all test frequencies, never exceeding the benchmark limits and performing close to average values. This reveals that the component can maintain its impedance characteristics even at higher voltage levels, which is essential for many engineering applications.

Through examining the data and comparing the performance across various test frequencies, it is evident that TDK Corporation's C1005X7R1H104K050BB's impedance behavior is on par with the statistical benchmark. Its consistent impedance performance across a wide range of frequencies demonstrates its reliability and value in various engineering applications, making this capacitor a suitable choice for designers seeking consistent and predictable impedance characteristics.

Capacitance

In this section, we delve deep into the capacitance performance of the TDK Corporation's capacitor, C1005X7R1H104K050BB. This ceramic X7R capacitor has a nominal capacitance value of 100nF, a tolerance of ±10%, and a voltage rating of 50V. By analyzing its LCR measurements, we can determine how its capacitance fares at 1 Volt and 10 Volts under various test frequencies.

Evaluating the C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitance data against the benchmark data, we find that this TDK Corporation capacitor exhibits consistently higher capacitance values across the frequency spectrum when measured at 1 Volt. For instance, at a test frequency of 5Hz, the TDK capacitor demonstrates a series capacitance of 102.8nF, comparing favorably to the maximum benchmark value of 115nF. In a similar vein, at 100kHz, the test capacitance reaches 90.64nF, outperforming the benchmark’s maximum value of 97.85nF.

Moving on to the LCR measurements taken at 10 Volts, the TDK capacitor displays a remarkable improvement in performance. The capacitance values experience a considerable increase. For example, at a test frequency of 5Hz, the 10 Volt capacitance measures at 113.7nF, showcasing an enhancement over its 1 Volt measurement of 102.8nF. This upward trend is noticeable across most test frequencies, implying that the TDK C1005X7R1H104K050BB demonstrates increased capacitance in response to higher voltage conditions.

Interestingly, in certain test frequency ranges, the C1005X7R1H104K050BB's capacitance values not only meet, but also exceed the maximum values of the benchmark data. To elaborate, at 10kHz, the component's capacitance rises to 112.4nF at 10 Volts, surpassing the benchmark's 106.4nF maximum value. This highlights the exceptional performance offered by the TDK Corporation's capacitor under specific conditions.

The instructive insights gleaned from the capacitance analysis are invaluable for understanding the behavior of the TDK C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitor under varying voltage and frequency conditions. By assessing key performance metrics such as series capacitance, voltage-dependence, and test frequency response, engineers can gain crucial knowledge regarding component selection and system optimization for diverse applications.

Series Resistance

At 1 Volt, the C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitor demonstrates a range of series resistance values across different test frequencies. When compared to the benchmark data for similar components, this capacitor shows better performance in most frequency ranges. At test frequencies of 5 kHz and 10 kHz, the capacitor's series resistance, at 7.972 Ohms and 3.951 Ohms, respectively, is well below the average benchmark series resistance of 10.02 Ohms and 5.163 Ohms. This lower resistance value is advantageous to the overall performance of the capacitor, as it contributes to lowering the energy losses within the component. Furthermore, at 1 MHz, the capacitor's series resistance measures 34.02 mOhms, which is also more favorable than the benchmark average of 70.07 mOhms.

At the higher voltage of 10 Volts, the series resistance profile of the TDK C1005X7R1H104K050BB Capacitor continues to exhibit remarkable performance when compared to the statistical benchmark. For the test frequencies from 5 kHz to 1 MHz, the series resistance values continue to maintain levels below the average benchmark values. It’s important to note that the ideal capacitor would have zero series resistance, which means its impedance would be purely reactive. In practical applications, however, real-world capacitors exhibit some level of resistive behavior that leads to energy losses. Notably, at 50 kHz, the series resistance is 1.384 Ohms, which is significantly lower than the benchmark average of 1.039 Ohms. This performance at higher frequencies, coupled with the low series resistance values observed at lower frequencies, helps to ensure that the C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitor will provide efficient and reliable operation in a wide range of applications.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

When analyzing the C1005X7R1H104K050BB capacitor, it's essential to consider performance aspects such as the Dissipation Factor (Df) and Quality Factor (Q). These factors help determine the efficiency of this capacitor during operation, affecting its suitability for specific applications.

At a testing voltage of 1 Volt, the C1005X7R1H104K050BB displays a low Df ranging from 0.015 to 0.025 across the frequency range of 5 kHz to 1 MHz. This low Df indicates that this capacitor exhibits less energy loss during operation when compared to other capacitors that have higher Df values. The Quality Factor (Q) varies from 39.39 at 5 kHz to a high of 70.93 at 300 kHz, demonstrating the capacitor's high efficiency during operation. At a frequency of 5 kHz, the Df of the capacitor is 0.025, whereas the Q is 39.39. At 1 MHz, the Df increases slightly to 0.018, and the Q moderately drops to 54.44, indicating that the capacitor's efficiency decreases slightly with increasing frequency.

When the testing voltage is increased to 10 Volts, the Df shows an increase in values, ranging from 0.026 to 0.053 for frequencies between 5 kHz and 20 kHz. This increase indicates that the energy loss for the capacitor rises with an increase in the applied voltage. However, there is a clear decrease in Df (0.041 to 0.027) as the frequency increases beyond 20 kHz up to 450 kHz, which is a positive sign of reduced energy loss at higher frequencies. Quality Factor values in this voltage range also show a decrease, starting from 20.96 at 5 kHz to a minimum of 19.00 at 10 kHz, then slowly increasing up to 39.70 at 650 kHz. This trend demonstrates that the capacitor's efficiency is affected by both the applied voltage and the operating frequency, making it necessary to consider these factors in determining the appropriate use cases for this component.

In conclusion, the C1005X7R1H104K050BB exhibits a combination of low Dissipation Factor values and relatively high Quality Factor values, especially at lower frequencies and lower applied voltages. However, keep in mind that this behavior will change as the voltage and frequency increase, affecting the capacitor's efficiency in different application scenarios. A proper understanding of these performance metrics and their implications is essential in selecting the right capacitor for a specific use case, ensuring optimum performance and minimizing energy loss.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

An in-depth performance review of the TDK Corporation C1005X7R1H104K050BB Ceramic X7R Capacitor was conducted, comparing its LCR measurements at 1 Volt and 10 Volts to the statistical benchmark data for components of the same value. The focus was on key performance aspects such as impedance, series resistance, capacitance, dissipation factor, and quality factor.

When examining the component's performance at 1 Volt, the capacitor performed reasonably well compared to the statistical benchmark data. The impedances observed across all frequencies were generally within the average and maximum benchmark values. However, at 10 Volts, the capacitor's impedance performance deviated further from the benchmarks, particularly in the lower frequencies. This suggests that the component's impedance may not hold up through a wide voltage range.

In terms of series resistance, the capacitor performed within the benchmark range at 1 Volt. This indicates satisfactory performance in this aspect. However, when stressed at 10 Volts, the series resistance experienced a substantial increase. Consequently, the component may not deliver optimal performance in higher voltage applications.

The capacitor’s capacitance and dissipation factors were closely aligned with average benchmark values across most frequency levels at 1 Volt, indicating satisfactory performance in these areas. However, at 10 Volts, we noted slight deviations from benchmark values in capacitance and an increase in the dissipation factor. This indicates that the capacitor may not perform consistently when subjected to higher voltage conditions.

The quality factor values of the component lie close to average benchmark values at 1 Volt, but their performance may deteriorate slightly at 10 Volts. Considering these observations, it can be concluded that the TDK Corporation C1005X7R1H104K050BB Ceramic X7R Capacitor is suitable for applications within a limited voltage range, offering satisfactory performance based on critical parameters. Special attention should be given to scenarios where higher voltage applications might affect the component’s performance and potentially compromise system reliability.