Introduction

The CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA is a ceramic X7R capacitor, manufactured by TDK Corporation. With a nominal capacitance of 100n and a tolerance of ±10%, it is designed for surface mounting applications, housed in a 0603 (1608 metric) package. This review aims to analyse the performance of this capacitor in comparison to a statistical benchmark based on other capacitors of the same value, and assess its applicability for electronics engineers in their circuit designs.

• Pros:
  • Wide frequency measurement range
  • Stable capacitance across test frequencies
  • Low dissipation factors for most of the frequency spectrum
  • Quality factor remains relatively consistent at measured frequencies
  • Good performance in high-frequency applications
• Cons:
  • Decreased capacitance at higher frequencies
  • Quality factor lowers at the higher end of test frequencies
  • Decreased series resistance at higher test voltages

In the following sections, we will examine the capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor, in addition to providing a comparative analysis of the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA against the provided statistical benchmark data.

Impedance

In this section, we analyze the impedance performance of the TDK Corporation CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor against the given statistical benchmark. When examining the LCR measurements at 1V, the capacitor demonstrated impedance values leaning slightly higher than the statistical benchmark average, particularly at lower test frequencies. For instance, at 5 kHz, the capacitor's impedance was found to be 319.4k Ohms compared to the benchmark average of 313.4k Ohms. Similarly, the component showed an impedance of 160.4k Ohms at 10 kHz, compared to the average value of 157.2k Ohms.

As test frequencies increased, the capacitor's impedance performance appeared closer to or slightly below the benchmark average. At 500 kHz, the impedance of the component under evaluation measured 3.542k Ohms, which is marginally lower than the benchmark average of 3.849k Ohms. Furthermore, at the 1M test frequency, the capacitor's impedance value reached 1.782k Ohms, down from the average value of 1.958k Ohms.

Upon inspection of the LCR measurements at 10V, similar trends are observed in the impedance performance of the TDK CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor. At 20 kHz, the component exhibited an impedance of 71.81 Ohms, slightly under the benchmark average of 83.88 Ohms. Additionally, the review component showed an impedance value of 16.09 Ohms at 100 kHz, compared to the benchmark average of 18.07 Ohms.

Overall, the TDK CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor's impedance performance demonstrates a general adherence to the benchmark data. Variances in performance between test frequencies are typical in capacitors, as impedance characteristics usually fluctuate depending on frequency. The slightly higher impedance values at lower test frequencies could impact the component's suitability for some applications with specific impedance requirements, particularly if the capacitor were used in a filter circuit. Conversely, the trend of closer or lower impedance values to the benchmark average as test frequencies increase could be advantageous in applications requiring a lower impedance at higher frequencies. Engineers should thoroughly analyze this capacitor's impedance performance across the entire test frequency range to determine its suitability for their specific circuits.

Capacitance

At 1 Volt, the TDK Corporation CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor performs consistently within the average range set by components of the same value in the statistical benchmark. For instance, at 50 kHz, this capacitor registers a series capacitance of 98.63nF, which falls within the 91.32nF minimum and 99.36nF maximum recorded in the benchmark. Such comparisons can be made across all test frequencies, which adequately demonstrates that the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA delivers dependable capacitance values in line with expectations.

When assessing the LCR measurements attained at 10 Volts, it is observed that this TDK capacitor displays a significant increase in series capacitance values. At certain test frequencies, capacitance values rise well above the statistical benchmark maximum values. This is particularly evident at 50 kHz, with the component registering 121nF compared to the benchmark maximum of 99.36nF. It's essential to note that this deviation might ultimately affect the performance of specific circuits, especially when maintaining tight tolerances is critical for the successful operation of the circuit.

By comparing both tables of LCR measurements at 1 Volt and 10 Volts, it is evident that the TDK Corporation CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor exhibits a relatively stable performance under a wide range of frequencies, offering sufficient capacitance values, especially at lower test voltages. This reliable performance in comparison to the statistical benchmark solidifies this capacitor's position as a suitable option for various applications, provided that potential deviations at higher voltages are thoroughly examined and factored into account during assessments for use in critical circuits. This is crucial to ensure the desired performance levels are maintained in the respective electronic applications and maintain circuit integrity.

Series Resistance

In this section, we will thoroughly analyze the Series Resistance performance of the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor in comparison with the provided statistical benchmark. The analysis will cover two different test scenarios: 1 Volt and 10 Volts across various frequency ranges, starting from low frequencies up to extremely high frequencies.

At the 1 Volt test, the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor showcases an impressive performance compared to the benchmark average across lower test frequencies. The specific values are as follows: at 5 Hz, it has 5.139k Ohms (against 8.751k Ohms); at 10 Hz, it has 2.437k Ohms (against 4.329k Ohms); and at 50 Hz, it has 453.9 Ohms (against 865 Ohms). In higher frequency ranges, however, the capacitor performs closer to the benchmark average or slightly above. Notably, at 50 kHz, it has a better performance with 435.4m Ohms (against 1.039 Ohms), and at 1 MHz, it has 32.43m Ohms (against 70.07m Ohms).

During the 10 Volts test, the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA presents similar results to the 1 Volt test. The capacitor demonstrates better performance than the benchmark average, particularly at lower frequencies. The specific values observed are as follows: at 5 Hz, it has 16.96k Ohms (against 22.34k Ohms); at 10 Hz, it has 8.391k Ohms (against 11.52k Ohms); and at 50 Hz, it has 1.679k Ohms (against 2.455k Ohms). Performing slightly above average, the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA remains competitive across higher frequencies. For instance, at 50 kHz, it has a better performance with 1.223 Ohms (against 2.832 Ohms), and at 1 MHz, it has 51.66m Ohms (against 70.07m Ohms).

In conclusion, the CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA capacitor demonstrates a consistently reliable and competitive performance in terms of Series Resistance across the majority of tested frequencies. This is particularly evident in the lower and extremely high frequency ranges, emphasizing its suitability for various applications requiring minimal resistance variations over a wide frequency range.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

In this review, the LCR measurements of the TDK Corporation CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA 100 nF ceramic X7R capacitor at 1 V reveal low dissipation factor (Df) values in the 0.014 - 0.018 range across the entire frequency spectrum (5 kHz - 1 MHz). The dissipation factor indicates the ratio of the capacitor's equivalent series resistance (ESR) to its reactance, ultimately representing the dissipation of energy as heat during operation. Low Df values imply favorable low energy loss performance for this capacitor and increased efficiency.

Comparatively, the quality factor (Q) values remain mostly high, fluctuating between 62.63 and 84.69 within the same frequency range. A high Q factor highlights a good performance by presenting a low amount of parasitic resistance in the capacitor, which is desired for applications requiring better energy efficiency and reduced power loss in high-frequency circuits.

At 10 Volts, there is a substantial increase in Df, with values now ranging from 0.020 to 0.065, indicating higher energy dissipation at the higher voltage. While the trade-off between the dissipation factor and the voltage applied may affect component performance, it is essential to consider the specific application requirements. However, an interesting trend of relatively high Q values at specific frequency ranges, mainly between 50 kHz and 500 kHz, remains. This illustrates that the capacitor's performance is above average in these scenarios while being subjected to higher voltages.

In conclusion, within the scope of this review, the TDK Corporation CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA ceramic X7R capacitor exhibits promising low Df values and high Q values at lower voltage (1 V) across most frequency ranges, indicating efficient performance. Under higher voltage (10 V), although the performance shows a higher energy loss, the Q values still prove to be acceptable within certain frequency bands, demonstrating the versatility and suitability of this capacitor for various applications.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

After an extensive analysis of the TDK Corporation Ceramic: X7R Capacitor (part number CGA3E2X7R1H104K080AA), we can conclude that this component demonstrates a considerable range of performance characteristics against the statistical benchmark data. The capacitor retains good nominal capacitance across a wide frequency range, as well as demonstrating consistent dissipation and impedance behavior within the typical range.

Upon comparing the capacitor's data against the statistical benchmark at 1 Volt, it is noticeable that the component delivers a competitive performance from a dissipation factor and quality factor standpoint. The series resistance is slightly lower than the benchmark average, with its series capacitance staying within a tight range compared to the benchmark minimum and maximum values. At 10 Volts, the component's behavior remains consistent, although the performance difference becomes less remarkable when compared to the benchmark.

In conclusion, the TDK Corporation Ceramic: X7R Capacitor under evaluation is a viable option if a balanced performance across multiple data parameters is required. While not particularly exceptional in any single aspect, the capacitor delivers a more uniform performance across impedance, capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor when compared to the statistical benchmarks. Considering its overall characteristics, this TDK capacitor can suit a variety of applications for engineers exploring capacitors in this category.