Introduction

In this technical review, we will analyze the performance of the SK470M025ST aluminum electrolytic capacitor manufactured by Cornell Dubilier Electronics (CDE). We aim to provide a comprehensive and unbiased evaluation of the capacitor's performance compared to the statistical benchmark data. The key metrics examined include capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor, which are essential for electronics engineers to consider when choosing a capacitor for their application.

Before getting into the details, let's quickly discuss the pros and cons of the SK470M025ST aluminum electrolytic capacitor:

• Wide range of operating frequencies
• High capacitance value á 47μF
• Stable performance at different voltages
• Manufactured by a reputable company (CDE)

• Tolerance of ±20% may be unsuitable for high precision applications
• Some variation in performance metrics compared to statistical benchmark data
• May not be ideal for high frequency applications

In the following sections, we will deeply delve into the SK470M025ST capacitor by examining its capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, and quality factor in comparison to statistical benchmark data, as well as highlighting notable insights and trends. This review will provide valuable information to electronics engineers evaluating this capacitor and help determine its suitability for their applications.

Impedance

In this section, we will analyze the impedance performance of the Cornell Dubilier Electronics (CDE) SK470M025ST aluminum electrolytic capacitor compared to the statistical benchmark data. A lower impedance value indicates better performance at given test frequencies. With this parameter, qualified engineers can evaluate the suitability of this capacitor for their circuit design requirements, as well as its performance under various load conditions and operating frequencies.

At a test frequency of 5Hz, the SK470M025ST has an impedance value of 666 Ohms, which is slightly above the average benchmark value (656.9 Ohms). However, when comparing this capacitor's impedance to the benchmark data at higher frequencies, we find that the values tend to converge. For instance, at a test frequency of 10kHz, the impedance value of the SK470M025ST is 885.3m Ohms, which is somewhat higher than the benchmark average of 637.7m Ohms, but still well within the acceptable range for utilization in specific circuits that operate at this frequency.

Moreover, the impedance values of this capacitor at even higher test frequencies meet or just slightly exceed the benchmark's values. For example, at 100kHz, the impedance value of the SK470M025ST capacitor is 650.4m Ohms. Though this value is higher than the statistical benchmark average (319.4m Ohms), it is important to note that the capacitor performs within the acceptable limits when compared to the maximum impedance value of the benchmark at this frequency.

Overall, the impedance performance of the SK470M025ST aluminum electrolytic capacitor showcases its adaptability and compatibility with various circuit applications. Engineers should take into account the impedance values at different test frequencies, along with the capacitor's temperature and voltage ratings, to ensure optimum performance and longevity of the electronic components within their designs.

Capacitance

Upon analyzing the capacitance behavior of the SK470M025ST aluminum electrolytic capacitor through LCR measurements at varied test frequencies and voltages, it is evident that the capacitor performs within a specific range of benchmark values depending on the applied frequency. For example, at a 1-volt test frequency and 10 kHz, the SK470M025ST demonstrates a series capacitance of 32.23μF, which is lower than the average series capacitance for this test frequency (37.07μF). Moreover, at 100 kHz under the same voltage, the capacitor exhibits a series capacitance of 17.46μF, significantly lower than the average benchmark value of 30.1μF.

Moving on to a higher test voltage of 10 volts, the SK470M025ST's capacitance values show a distinct difference compared to the 1-volt test frequency. Specifically, at 50 kHz, the 10-volt series capacitance is measured at 15.46μF, which is approximately half of the 1-volt value of 22.98μF. Furthermore, the 10-volt measurements exhibit a continuously declining capacitance value, eventually reaching 1MΩ; whereas in the 1-volt measurements, the capacitance curve begins to rise once more after reaching 400 kHz.

These values highlight that the performance of the SK470M025ST capacitor varies across different frequencies and test voltages. It is critical for engineers working on specific applications to carefully consider the influence of these variations when selecting the optimal capacitor for their projects. Understanding and analyzing the capacitance behavior of capacitors at varied test conditions not only ensures the effectiveness of the selected component but also contributes to improved performance and reliability of the overall electronic system design.

Series Resistance

Upon examining the series resistance of the SK470M025ST capacitor at 1V and comparing it with the available benchmark data, a noticeable variation is observed across the frequency range. At lower test frequencies, specifically 5 and 10 Hz, the measured resistance is approximately 24.11Ω and 13.94Ω, respectively. These values are within the benchmark range but relatively closer to the average values (44.75Ω at 5 Hz and 18.59Ω at 10 Hz) than the minimum resistance values. This hints towards moderate performance of the capacitor at lower frequencies.

As the test frequency increases, the series resistance of the SK470M025ST capacitor displays an improved performance and begins to fall below the benchmark average values. For instance, at 100 Hz, the measured resistance is 3.686Ω, which is significantly lower than the benchmark average of 1.704Ω. This trend of lower series resistance in higher-frequency scenarios suggests enhanced performance and suitability for faster circuits.

The SK470M025ST capacitor maintains this favorable performance throughout the majority of the higher frequency range (500 Hz to 1 MHz) at 1V. The series resistance decreases markedly and approaches the minimum benchmark values, indicating improved capacity in faster circuits. Remarkably, this overall trend of having lower series resistance as the frequency increases carries over to the 10V test level as well, demonstrating the component's versatility and adaptability to accommodate diverse application scenarios.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

The dissipation factor (Df) of the SK470M025ST capacitor is an essential parameter for understanding its performance. The dissipation factor measures a capacitor's power loss, and lower Df values indicate a better performing capacitor. At 1 Volt, the Df for this capacitor ranges from a low of 0.036 at 5 Hz to a high of 1.488 at 10 kHz. Conversely, at 10 Volts, the Df range lies between 0.110 at 5 Hz and 2.076 at 10 kHz. Comparing these values reveals that the capacitor demonstrates better performance at 1 Volt, as evidenced by the lower Df values.

The quality factor (Q) of a capacitor represents the inverse of the dissipation factor. A higher Q indicates a capacitor with lower energy dissipation and better overall performance. For the SK470M025ST, the Q values show an inverse relationship to the Df values. At 1 Volt, the capacitor's quality factor ranges from 0.01 at 600 kHz to a high of 27.6 at 5 Hz. On the other hand, at 10 Volts, the Q range lies between 0.02 at 900 kHz up to 12.03 at 10 Hz. This data demonstrates that the capacitor's quality factor has a better performance at 1 Volt than at 10 Volts, as higher Q values are desired.

Understanding the relationship between a capacitor's dissipation factor and quality factor can provide valuable insights when selecting the capacitors best suited for a particular application. Components with low dissipation factors and high quality factors typically perform better in electronic circuits and can contribute to improved energy efficiency and less heat generation, which is advantageous for high-performance systems and designs. Engineers should always consider the Df and Q values of capacitors when designing and optimizing their electronic circuits to achieve the best performance under varying voltages and frequencies.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In conclusion, after a thorough analysis of Cornell Dubilier Electronics (CDE)'s SK470M025ST Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor performance data, it is evident that the component demonstrates some notable differences in comparison to the provided statistical benchmark.

Throughout most test frequencies at 1 Volt, the SK470M025ST exhibits marginally greater impedance, series resistance, and dissipation factor values than the benchmark data, indicating a lower overall performance. However, in higher-frequency bands, particularly around 600kHz-900kHz, the component demonstrates improved performance and lower impedance values.

LCR measurements taken at 10 Volts also corroborated these trends, showcasing similar discrepancies between the component and benchmark data. This highlights the capacitor's capacity for maintaining stable behavior during voltage variations.

Overall, while the SK470M025ST Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor may not outperform its competitors in every measured aspect, it does show the potential to be a satisfactory choice, particularly in applications where higher frequencies are involved. Engineering design decisions for product integration should reflect the capacitor's measured data and the specific requirements of the project.