Introduction

This technical review analyzes the performance of a Ceramic: X7R Capacitor from Yageo, with part number CC0402KRX7R7BB104. The specifications of this surface-mount 0402 (1005 metric) package capacitor are 100n nominal value, ±10% tolerance, and a 16 V voltage rating. This review will provide a comprehensive comparison of the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor's characteristics against statistical benchmark data to give qualified engineers a clear understanding of its performance when used in their circuits. The analysis will involve capacitance, series resistance, dissipation factor, quality factor, and a comparative analysis based on the component and benchmark data.

The CC0402KRX7R7BB104 data was measured at 1 Volt and 10 Volt input levels across a range of test frequencies. As the review will demonstrate, the capacitor demonstrates some advantages and disadvantages compared to the statistical benchmark.

• Pros:
  • + Consistent impedance within the test range
  • + Low dissipation factor
  • + Satisfactory quality factor, especially at higher frequencies
  • + Stable series resistance
  • + Overall reliable performance across test conditions
• Cons:
  • - Slightly increased series resistance at higher test frequencies
  • - Slight variation in capacitance from the nominal value across test frequencies
  • - Slightly lower quality factor, as compared to benchmark at lower test frequencies
  • - Lack of data for higher voltage and test frequencies

Impedance

After conducting a thorough analysis of the Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 Ceramic X7R Capacitor's impedance performance at 1 Volt, we compared its impedance data with the statistical benchmarks. At a 5 Hz test frequency, the impedance of the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 stands at 313.7k Ohms, closely matching the average impedance of 313.4k Ohms of the statistical benchmark. As the test frequencies increased to 50 Hz and 100 Hz, the component displayed similar performance to the statistical benchmark average with impedance values of 31.67k Ohms and 15.89k Ohms, respectively. The capacitor showcased consistent performance when compared to the statistical benchmark at higher test frequencies, evident in values such as 324.4 Ohms at 5 kHz and 1.606k Ohms at 1 kHz.

In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of its impedance performance, we also compared its impedance data at 10 Volts. The observed trend in performance mirrored that at 1 Volt. At 5 Hz and 10 Hz, the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 exhibited impedance values of 298.2k Ohms and 149.9k Ohms, which closely followed the corresponding statistical benchmark values. With increasing test frequencies, this capacitor maintained its performance in close proximity to the statistical benchmark, with impedance results such as 5.614k Ohms at 300 kHz and 4.258k Ohms at 400 kHz.

The Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 Ceramic X7R Capacitor demonstrates an overall impedance performance that is comparable to the statistical benchmark across a wide range of test frequencies. Engineers focusing on achieving optimal impedance performance can benefit from this capacitor, as it consistently performs in accordance with the statistical benchmark expectations.

Capacitance

In this section, we will evaluate the capacitance performance of the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 surface mount ceramic capacitor (X7R, 100nF) by comparing the measured capacitance data to the statistical benchmark data gathered from other components of the same value. This analysis allows us to identify any deviations and consistencies within the performance of the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor.

When subjected to a bias of 1V, the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 exhibits comparable performance across the entire frequency range in relation to the statistical benchmark, while showing minimal deviation. In the lower frequency range of 5-20 kHz, the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 consistently presented capacitance values that were marginally lower (0.3% - 1.4%) than the average of the benchmark data. Within the higher frequencies of 50 kHz to 1 MHz, the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 displayed lower capacitance values compared to the benchmark maximum, yet higher than the benchmark minimum, ultimately falling within the tighter tolerance band.

Performing LCR measurements at a higher bias of 10V revealed some deviation from the benchmark range. The capacitance values remained relatively close (deviating up to 3%) for frequencies between 5 kHz and 20 kHz. For higher frequencies in the range of 50 kHz to 100 kHz, the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 demonstrated superior performance with capacitance readings surpassing the benchmark maximum by up to 2.9%. In the frequency span of 150 kHz to 700 kHz, the component's performance was on par with the benchmark range. Unfortunately, the measurement data for frequencies beyond 750 kHz were not provided, and as a result, a comparison cannot be made within that range.

Overall, the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 surface mount ceramic capacitor demonstrates competitive performance compared to the statistical benchmark regarding capacitance, maintaining consistent values at different biases and within various frequency ranges. However, the absence of data for frequencies above 750 kHz at a 10V bias prevents a complete evaluation within that portion of the frequency spectrum.

Series Resistance

In our evaluation of the Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor's Series Resistance performance, we carefully compared it against our established statistical benchmark. Our analysis encompassed various test frequencies, enabling us to gain a comprehensive understanding of the component's performance across a broad range of frequencies.

Starting at low test frequencies, the analysis indicated that the Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor performed well against the benchmark. At 5 Hz and 1 Volt of test frequency, the capacitor exhibited a lower series resistance of 7.698k ohms, compared to the statistical benchmark average of 8.751k ohms. A similarly favorable result was observed at 10 Hz, where the capacitor showed a lower resistance of 3.764k ohms in comparison to the benchmark average of 4.329k ohms.

As we increased the test frequency, the performance of the capacitor began to demonstrate variations against the statistical benchmark. For instance, at 1 kHz, the component registered a series resistance of 40.15 ohms, marginally lower than the benchmark average of 46.51 ohms. Moreover, at 10 kHz, the Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor demonstrated a series resistance of 4.312 ohms, coming fairly close to the benchmark average of 5.163 ohms.

Moving on to LCR measurements assessed at 10 Volts, we observed that the component's performance concerning series resistance remained relatively consistent when compared to the benchmark. For instance, at 1 kHz, the capacitor displayed a resistance of 70.66 ohms, exceeding the benchmark average of 46.51 ohms. Similarly, at 10 kHz, the resistance value reached 7.817 ohms, compared to the benchmark average of 5.163 ohms.

It is important to emphasize that at certain test frequencies, such as 50 kHz and 75 kHz, the Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor exhibited markedly lower resistance values compared to the benchmark. At 50 kHz, the component demonstrated an impressive 827.8 milliohms, which is considerably lower than the benchmark average of 1.039 ohms. This trend persisted at 75 kHz, with the capacitor recording a resistance of 545.5 milliohms, in contrast to the benchmark average of 672.1 milliohms.

Dissipation Factor and Quality Factor

An ideal capacitor has zero energy dissipation; however, practical capacitors exhibit a small amount of dissipation referred to as the Dissipation Factor (Df). By analyzing the performance of Yageo's CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor, its Df is compared with the statistical benchmark. Lower values of Df indicate better performance, as they are closer to the ideal case of zero energy dissipation.

At 1V test voltage, the Df starts at 0.024 (5Hz) and fluctuates within a minimal range up to 1MHz. With an initial value of 0.024 at 5Hz, the highest observed value is 0.026 at 5kHz and 10kHz. On the other end of the spectrum, the lowest value is 0.022 seen between 150kHz and 700kHz, 800kHz, 850kHz, and 1MHz. The Df profile for the same capacitor at 10V diverges further from the ideal capacitor range, resulting in increased energy dissipation. The base value for 5Hz is higher (0.050) compared to the 1V benchmark and sees a decreasing trend as the test frequency increases (up to 300kHz) before a slight increase towards higher frequencies. The Df peaks at 0.054 at 20kHz and reaches its lowest value of 0.035 at 300-600kHz. However, the measurements are missing for test frequencies between 750kHz and 1MHz.

The Quality Factor (Q) is a metric derived from the reciprocal of Df, meaning that a higher Q indicates better capacitor performance. The benchmark for the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor between 1V and 10V displays fluctuations in line with the Df patterns. At the 1V test voltage, the capacitor's Q ranges from 38.07 to 46.13 across different test frequencies, with its highest values between 200kHz and 600kHz. When measured at the 10V test voltage, the Q drops significantly compared to the 1V results, with a range between 19.82 and 28.69, reflecting the increased dissipation at higher voltages. The highest Q values at 10V appear above 200kHz.

Upon comparing the performance of the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 capacitor against the benchmark data, it is evident that the Df remains relatively low while exhibiting notably better Q factors in the 200kHz to 600kHz range at 1V. However, when subjected to a higher test voltage of 10V, this capacitor experiences increased energy dissipation, which in turn negatively affects its Q factor. Engineers must carefully consider their application's operating voltage and frequency range to decide if the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 is an optimal choice, keeping in mind the effects of varying test voltage on the Df and Q factor.

Comparative Analysis

Conclusion

In this technical review, we have scrutinized the performance of the Yageo CC0402KRX7R7BB104 ceramic capacitor, part of the X7R series, and compared it to the statistical benchmarks derived from similar components. The analytical examination revealed interesting differences when assessed at test voltages of 1 V and 10 V.

For test frequency range (5 Hz - 1 MHz) at 1 V, the capacitor showcased outstanding performance with minor deviations reaching very close to the benchmark average. The Quality Factor (Q) consistently remained within the range of 40 to 46. The Dissipation Factor (DF) displayed stable values, fluctuating between 0.022 and 0.024. However, at higher test voltage of 10 V, Q and DF values deteriorated to as low as 19.17 and 0.050, respectively.

Considering the application of the CC0402KRX7R7BB104 ceramic capacitor in engineering circuits, it demonstrates adequate performance while operating at low voltage levels and offers competitive values within the benchmark averages. Given these findings, it is a suitable choice for applications where the voltage will not exceed 1 V, while its performance is likely to be subpar when operated at higher voltage levels.